International Terrorism A Closer Look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Terrorism A Closer Look - Essay Example The European Union has an arrangement set up to battle psychological oppression. The bombings in London and Madrid featured the European Union’s defenselessness. Their law implementation offices presently work in a planned exertion to distinguish plausible fear based oppressor action. Cross-fringe arraignments are presently planned between part states. The European Union has united delegates of part state knowledge administrations to chip away at planning inside and outer insight social event and dispersal. This sharing of knowledge can be utilized as a compelling apparatus in counter-terrorism.Since 9-11 of 2001 fear mongering has moved into the universal spotlight. Most of psychological oppressor bunches comprise of Islamic fanatics who, on account of social and financial hardship have developed to detest something besides what they have confidence in. These psychological oppressors are very much subsidized (by Osama Bin Ladin for instance) and all around prepared to give a terroristic danger on a worldwide scale. With assaults in the United States, Great Britain, and Spain the worldwide reach of fear based oppression has been felt. Countering and containing psychological warfare is presently a worldwide worry that has been tended to by the United Nations Security Council. The Security Council has given direction that comprises of a key intend to battle psychological oppression. Part States have been given an arrangement that was drafted to explicitly address fear based oppression and give a uniform way to deal with counter-psychological warfare. The United Nations doesn't see fear based oppression as a strict issue however as an open wellbeing and security issue. ... Left-wing fear based oppressors center around reestablishing communism by assaulting majority rule changes. Instances of this sort of fear based oppression incorporate the Red Army and the German Red Brigades. Finally, conservative fear based oppressors are centered around decimating liberal popular governments and assault defenseless focuses to murder whatever number individuals as could be expected under the circumstances to come to their meaningful conclusion. Timothy McVeigh (the Oklahoma City plane) and the FBI deadlock at Ruby Ridge are instances of this sort of psychological oppressor. This kind of fear monger harbors a profound situated contempt for the U.S. Government and the activities of law implementation and Federal specialists. Truth be told, Timothy McVeigh apparently arranged the Oklahoma City Bombing as a reaction to the activities of Federal operators at David Koresh's Waco compound. The fear based oppressors that appear to be in the news the most are the strict psychological militants that are battling a jihad (sacred war) against any individual who doesn't have confidence in what they have faith in. Normally these fear based oppressors are Islamic and observe Islamic law. These fear based oppressors are viewed as Islamic fanatics. One case of their fanaticism is their oppression of ladies. They accept that ladies are property, don't require tutoring, and should dress amazingly preservationist (Bhurkas). A considerable lot of the ladies in families keeping exacting Islamic law are the survivors of 'respect killings'. The report of any inappropriateness by a lady (regardless of whether its lone talk) requires the family to execute the lady by stoning. Generally the executing is finished by siblings, uncles or even the dad of the person in question. The utilization of self destruction planes to threaten a populace is utilized generally in the Middle East and South West Asia. Planes are drafted by the guarantees of affliction. They accept that if the assault the foe and kick the bucket in the process they will go to

Captain Alatriste free essay sample

Skipper Alatriste is for the peruser who appreciates a decent swashbuckling read that is profoundly instilled with the history and soul of mid seventeenth century Spain. In any case, Id need to state that it isn't the most stunningly quick paced read, since things do hang a little about a third path from the end, as our capricious storyteller, Captain Alaristes page, Inigo Balboa, broadly expounds so as to give the peruser a thought regarding the history, legislative issues and culture of Spain during the 1600s. This, in itself, isn't a derogation. But since it came directly about when things got and turned out to be fairly energizing and intense, the break in the activity so as to give a progressively distinctive image of Spain at that point, felt like an interruption. Which was a somewhat peculiar response for somebody like me to have in light of the fact that I for one generally welcome it when a creator requires some investment and exertion to paint in the chronicled real factors existing apart from everything else. We will compose a custom exposition test on Chief Alatriste or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The issue was that Captain Alatriste is the main portion in a progression of experiences, and it is a short novella. What's more, since it is the principal portion in a progression of five undertakings, the writer invests a lot of energy setting things up for future books the legislative issues and interests of the period, just as simple pictures of the different characters who figure in this experience, and who will clearly figure in the ensuing experiences. With the goal that what really happens in Captain Alatriste is a short bookkeeping of how the brave Captain figures out how to make such a large number of foes, but gets by to battle one more day. What's more, as I noticed this is extraordinary fun and makes for extremely exciting perusing. Be that as it may, the storytellers insights and ruminations do disrupt everything, particularly when they come at where the Captain is going to confront another endeavor on his life, and all I needed was to peruse on, rather than which I was blessed to receive a couple of pages of verses from the period. And keeping in mind that this additional to the appeal of the novel, I ended up skimming these bits so as to get to the activity. With everything taken into account, in any case, Captain Alatriste was an extremely awesome perused, and one that I would prescribe wholeheartedly to any individual who appreciates gallant verifiable books. I just can't accept notwithstanding, that I need to hold up till January of 2006 to peruse the following Captain Alatriste portion!

Philosophy - sexism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reasoning - sexism - Essay Example This idea denotes the drawing line between having a male and female inside a general public. It is on this premise Frye is attempting to show that sexism and sexual orientation is an exceptionally noteworthy issue. As per her relational words and discernments, different activities among people persuade that ladies are totally different, that sex/sexual orientation is the most significant thing, and that these practices must speak to something naturally about ladies (Frye). Perusing Frye’s ideas, it turns out to be certain that youngsters that are brought into the world with defectively framed privates, a body that’s doesn’t appear to create towards â€Å"the norm† of the sexual orientation, are given makeup, medical procedures, meds, treatments, and so forth so as to fit the image pointedly towards the sex. It resembles they’re being rebuffed. This presumably is one of the most intriguing parts inside the perusing. What’s more, it is the interest of the world that recommended this. This follows the way that the sum total of what thes e have been planted in our cognizant

Top Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples Choices

Top Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples Choices If not, you may also opt for case study method too, which might provide you an excess edge. Keep in mind, writing is a procedure that needs several measures. This isn't an instance of the work generated by our Essay Writing Service. In the majority of cases, content trumps style. New Step by Step Roadmap for Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples Find out how to compose a compare and contrast essay from us to be certain you develop an amazing academic paper, or even better, call us to find out more about buying one of our reasonably priced essays. So imagine what it is that you are up against in case you should attempt writing business essay by yourself. Additional an essay writer must also have the ability to present valid references on the arguments which he would want to include in the paragraph. Much like in any essay, in the conclusion of your writing you ought to make an overview of all of the points mentioned in the essay. Within this section you will locate samples of essays belonging to several essay types and manners of formatting. A thesis takes an important function in the entire essay writing process as it essentially sets the mood for the entire essay. To make certain you relate all the information you've researched in a thorough fashion, you must stick to the prescribed compare and contrast essay format by your professor or the academe. New Ideas Into Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples Never Before Revealed Leadership is centered on long-term goals because the decisions of leaders have an effect on the future of business relationships and the entire organization. Executive summary Decisions are important factors with a terrific influence on the increase of organizations. Managers are needed to monitor, supervise, and get tasks done in a specific amount of time. They have subordinates as their major goal is to manage work. Managers must be efficient, and thus time has become the most important human resource in their opinion. By these means, the both parties will comprehend the problems of one another, and that is going to assist to solve them. The Key to Successful Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples On the flip side, the corporation must incorporate new information technologies in their operations as a way to acquire a competitive advantage over the competitors on the market. Through research and product innovation, it has been able to meet the needs of its consumers in the globe by providing products and services of high quality. Through research, it has been able to identify the weaknesses of its competitors in the international market (Paley, 2006), and use it as an advantage to increase its marketing strength and to obtain a large market share. It achieves establishing effective mechanisms to avoid pollution of the surrounding environment. Ruthless Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Ma nagers Samples Strategies Exploited In summary, it is crucial to say that leadership and management are two important terms which have been widely discussed in the area of business. The most important reason that has enabled Unilever Company to be effective in the international environment is the capability of the company to provide the powers of making critical decisions to its managers in distinct nations. There are various ways of managing which can be employed in any organization or institution. On the flip side, Nestle Company, which happens to be the principal small business rival of Unilever, had market penetration in practically all countries in the world. What You Need to Do About Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples Starting in the Next Three Minutes A comparison essay is devoted to description of similar and various features of at least two objects. So long as you have narrowed your focus to a few of points, you might discover that your ess ay flows better in the event that you dedicate the additional space for the analysis of each point. Needless to say, the crucial word here is intentionally. The vital style of an essay needs to be retained even though the contents will have a good deal of references to statistical data and graphical charts. The Importance of Writing a Business Essay on Comparison of Two Managers Samples The huge difference between both questions is the audience. The culture has plenty of heterogeneity due to the simple fact that the country was exposed to several various nationalities in addition to getting a very long history. The society thus expects that each and every individual will always show quite high levels of self-discipline. How an individual leads or manages others depends a good deal on the personality and abilities of someone.

Essay on Dead Poets Catcher Inthe Rye - 1012 Words

Dead Poets Society/Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye and Dead Poets Society are very similar stories. Both deal with the coming of age in the lives of prestigious young men. These two stories also deal with the conformity of these young men in their transition from private boys school to the real world. There are two young men from each of the stories whose lives are alike yet different in some ways. Holden Caufield and Neil Perry are two young men coming of age searching for who they are and what they want to be in life and wanting to escape the confines of conformity and what they are expected to be. Both are the same age or around the same age and they are both students at upscale private schools for boys. They†¦show more content†¦He is becoming an adult yet he wants to preserve his innocence, for he believes adults are phony and children such as his sister Phoebe, preserve true realness within their innocent selves. I think he wants to preserve the innocence that children have and protect them, something he failed at doing with his brother Allie, which is why he wants to be the Catcher in the Rye. Neil Perry is also a troubled young man within himself because he doesn’t want to conform to the life his father wants for him. Neil wants to be his own person and to the things he likes to do but he is afraid to stand up to his father. His father is a phony conformist such as Holden describes his father in Catcher in the Rye. Neil’s father makes him quit the school paper because one of his teachers wants him to, when Neil tries to stand up for himself, his father scolds him and tells him when he graduates medical school he can do what he wants, until then, he must obey what his father tells him. When he does finally do what he wants, when he finally incorporates the ‘’carpe diem’’ phrase into his life and made the decision for himself to act in the play, his father decides to take him out of Welton and send him to military school. Neil felt the only to break his father’s shackles was to kill himself. I think that Neil felt that he couldn’t bare

Violent Video Games are a Key Contributor to Teen Violence...

Violence or aggression refers â€Å"to any behaviour that demonstrates a malicious intent to harm one another†. Numerous people are being killed and murdered because of the continuous violence happening all over the world, particularly in the United States. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), violence, in general, is among the leading causes of death, and that each year; over 1.6 million people worldwide lose their lives due to it. WHO states that about 8.2% of the world’s population are being murdered because of violence in the United States. Violence may lead to aggressive thoughts and acts; and if this issue is to be neglected, a lot more people will suffer. There exist various reasons behind the violence that†¦show more content†¦The internet broadcasts awful images and videos about wars, killing, murder, and many more violence related crimes. People who spend all their time surfing the net are more prone to lose touch with reality. Ellison talks about cartoon violence over the internet in particular. Furthermore, Ellison also talks about this cartoon series called â€Å"Happy Tree Friends† where â€Å"in every episode, the cute creatures are introduced, after which something awful happens to them, either by gruesome accident, or at the paws of the psychopathic bear†(Ellison, 2005). But actually, â€Å"the net can play a productive role in shaping young lives† (Arun Rajagopal, 2008). The internet can provide entertainment for children. In addition, it can also be very useful for children educational-wise as it provides a lot of information about many things; thus, it cannot totally pose a real threat for vi olence. Jonathan Cowan (2002), the president of Americans for Gun Safety, stated in his article about violence that the main reason behind the crimes is because of the absence of gun-regulating laws. â€Å"With more than 500,000 gun-related crimes each year, America cannot focus exclusively on punishing people once they commit gun-related crimes† (Cowan, 2002). Cowan thinks that by enforcing gun-regulating laws, people will no longerShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Frontier And The Westward Movement2627 Words   |  11 Pagesidentify American general culture: violence. However, not only our international friends all around the world are giving us a violent culture title, but also we are socializing ourselves with violence. With several reported nonsense murders, celebrities committing domestic violence, teenagers hitting each other streets, widespread bullying in school, America is really struggling to explain why violence is so much a part of our daily experience. Ironically, the word violence is no longer narrowed to physicalRead MorePower of Media2736 Words   |  11 Pagesmedia, including television, radio, and newspaper or magazines have become very dependable sources to so many people. People spend many hours everyday reading about celebrities in the tabloids, watching biased news channels, or participating in violent video games. Even though most media is highly entertaining, people have become so reliant on media that we seem to be harming our community in a very negative fashion. Be advertising it on the front page of table. Read MoreDiversity at Disney5774 Words   |  24 PagesDisney has been preeminent in the field of family entertainment. From humble beginnings as a cartoon studio in the 1920s to today s global corporation, Disney continues to proudly provide quality entertainment for every member of the family, across America and around the world. The company is diversified, focusing on its mass media headquartered in Burbank, California (Iger, 2012). In terms of revenue, it is the largest media conglomerate in the world (Silkos, 2009). Founded on October 16, 1923, byRead MoreAlcohol Marketing and Advertising25059 Words   |  101 PagesAdvertising A Report to Congress September 2003 Federal Trade Commission, 2003 Timothy J. Muris Chairman Mozelle W. Thompson Commissioner Orson Swindle Commissioner Thomas B. Leary Commissioner Pamela Jones Harbour Commissioner Report Contributors Janet M. Evans, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Division of Advertising Practices Jill F. Dash, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Division of Advertising Practices Neil Blickman, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Division of Enforcement C. Lee PeelerRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagespermission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamView Pro  ® are registered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarksRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pageswileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor FreelanceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesshaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experience and understanding and provided the field with an imaginative resource to address the dynamics between theory and practice. Dr Susanne Tietze, Bradford University, UK The key to success for managers is not only to be result oriented but also to be wise in their decision making. This requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. McAuley et al. helps student and managersRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagessuccesses/Robert F. Hartley. —11th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-16981-0 (pbk.) 1. Marketing—United States—Case studies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes and Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are pastRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, soc Essay Example For Students

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, soc Essay iology is the study of human social behavior. In other words, to understand the world around us, we must understand the different aspects of sociology and different sociological viewpoints. As is to be expected, there are many different viewpoints on why people or why society acts the way is does. But there are very few who views and ideas are as prominent as such theorists as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Although there viewpoints are supported by many case studies, they do differ on some very key issues. So it would be doing oneself a grave injustice to understand and hold as true one of these viewpoints while completely ignoring the others. Understanding as many different ideals as possible will help in making the best interpretation when trying to understand any complex society. One of the things that makes these three theorists work so unbelievable is the fact that they produced their works many decades ago, but much of what they believed still holds true in the mode rn world. If they could publish so long ago and their theories still hold true today, there must be a good deal of validity to these ideas. But besides that fact, and maybe even more important, these ideas and theories can help to formulate unique ideas and interpretations of the world. We see the world through our own eyes, we all have unique experiences which develop unique ideas. Through understanding some important ideas of the past, it will help in not only understanding the world around us, but also in developing new theories for future generations. The article I have chosen to unpack using Weberian, Durkheimian, and Marxian views is from the November 21st issue of The Economist and it is entitled When Lawsuits Make Policy. According to this article, the new trend in getting things done in the U.S. is through exploiting the legal system. Things that people could not achieve previously in a democratic fashion are now being taken to the courts. But this creates a major paradox for our strongly democratic society. This takes the power out of voting and puts the power into the courtrooms and this is clearly not what the American society supports. It has always been through democracy that things get done in this country and now that right has been undeservingly given to the courts. The fundamental question this article answers is: Do the courts have rights to make policy?The two industries that are taking the biggest blows from this new trend are the tobacco industry and the weapons (particularly gun industry) industry. Attorneys-gen eral are using lawsuits now in their fight against these industries, addressing the same issues that have in the past been unsuccessful in Congress and the state legislatures. What the article asks is whether it is worth sacrificing the entire democracy of the U.S. as we know it to shut down or limit the existence of such unwanted industries. What better way to understand the logic behind this situation than through the eyes of the a fore mentioned theorists. There are four basic ideas which, if focused on, will reveal how the article can be understood by these theorists and in turn possibly help to form a new unique interpretation of the situation. The first is the section explaining the tactics some Attorneys-general used in suing these corporations (see highlight labeled 1). It basically shows the amount being sued for and plainly reveals the fact that no congressional approval is needed to file these suits. The second part I feel is of some concern is the part about how now other mayors and states are taking similar actions to these Attorneys-general and how this new wave solution is creating somewhat of a trend (see highlight labeled 2). This illustrates how the system of democracy is being placed on the outside. Thirdly (highlight labeled 3), it is now creating a new way for public officials to make large profits. P ublic officials will now be able to exploit a this new situation in our already exploitative society. And lastly, is a section that explains the fact that if America continues in this fashion it will take the power out of democracy and put it in the threats of mass litigation ( The Economist, p.18). In understanding these four key ideas through the minds of Marx, Durkheim, and Weber, one can develop their own understanding of the situations this article tries to address. Lets first put on our Weberian goggles. Weber believes strongly in the individual of society and the individuality he/she creates. The best way to understand Weberian ideals is through understanding the individual. We have to understand this article as individuals acting rationally and those actions leading to conflict and change. Through what Weber would term value rational action, the people in both the gun and tobacco industries act towards maintaining their stronghold on the American marketplace, whereas their opposition wants them to be removed or at the very least changed dramatically. Weber would break down the first key part of the article through his ideas of ideal types and value rational action. According to Weber, the only way to understand a persons actions is through first understanding that person and where theyve come from. Man can understand or attempt to understand his own intentions through introspection, and he may interpret the motives of other mens conduct in te rms of their professed of ascribed intentions (Gerth Mills, p. 56). In order to understand why the Attorneys-general filed lawsuits against the tobacco industry, it is necessary to understand how they view the world: what they think is right and wrong, what they think is the proper way America should be run, etc. Using verstehen, we must put ourselves in these Attorneys-general shoes to understand the reasoning behind the lawsuits. While understanding this situation through their eyes, we must also understand their ideal types. Ideal types are used as measuring sticks to compare the world around them to. As general concepts, ideal types are tools with which Weber prepares the descriptive materials of world history for comparative analysis (Gerth Mills, p. 60). So basically Weber would argue that these Attorneys-general are filing lawsuits against the tobacco and gun industries because they do not fit into not only their ideal type, but also into what they think Americas ideal type company should be; therefore, they need to be dealt with accordingly. On the other side of things, the companies still want to produce guns and cigarettes when they know that all they do is kill. Weber would argue that these companies are taking much more traditional actions. The individuals want to keep their jobs therefore they are all but forced to both keep producing these products and also fight on there behalf. This is a much more conventional or traditional approach. They want and need to keep their jobs therefore they act in the best interest of themselves which is, in turn, the best interest of the company. pride and prej.doc EssayThe second focal point also needs to be seen through Weberian ideals. This point is a great example of how groups come to be formed. As mentioned before, people have different experiences which lead them to have beliefs. Even though people may have many different ideas, just one similar idea can bring them together. No matter if they are from different areas, their common belief will formulate similar ideas which will and does form them into groups, whether they know it or not. The article states that because of the likely success of the Attorneys-general, now big-city mayors are now planning to use lawsuits also in reaching their goals (The Economist, p. 17). People from different areas with different backgrounds come to form groups through similar beliefs. This, according to Weber, all goes back to the individual. We must understand the individual as the ultimate unit of explanation (Gerth Mills, p. 58). Weber would view the third key issue as a situation of irrational action. To understand actions, we must both understand an individuals rational actions as well as that individuals irrational actions. It seems very irrational that public officials would attempt to benefit off a loop hole in the American democratic system. Public officials are supposed to stand for the rights of people according to the rules of this democratic nation. But in this case they are acting in complete contradiction to this belief. But what is seen as irrational to us is very rational to them. If things play out the way they hope, they will substantially benefit economically. Although we are part of a democratic society, when it comes down to it, those with the money make the rules. Finally is the fourth main point of this article. If this new trend does not change soon, we may see an entirely new side of this democracy known as America. This new trend of taking it to the courts could destroy the democracy we supposedly hold so sacred in this country. But s ome individuals are still in favor of it. This once again comes back to Weberian views of the individual. This idea exemplifies the basis for how change comes about. Individuals act rationally, and these rational actions lead to conflicts, which ultimately lead to changes in values, ideas, and frameworks. In order to understand this article using a Weberian train of thought, you must understand the individual and his/her relationship to society. To break it down to basic terms, society is about individuals acting rationally. Since one individuals idea of acting rationally can sometimes different than another individual, conflicts sometimes arise. But it is through these conflicts that changes in values, ideas, and frameworks of society occur. If you know the basics of this reasoning, you know the basics of Weberian theory. ***********Using the opposite framework from Weber, Durkheims major focus is how groups shape the individual. The ideas of the group (conscience collective) shape the actions of the individual: they shape our individuality. To Durkheim, it is impossible for a society to be viewed as just a bunch of individuals who take a bunch of individual actions. A society is much more than just a bunch of individuals. A society composed of egotistic, or self-seeking, individuals (or a utilitarian society), would be no society at all (Giddens, p. 2). Much of what Durkheim has to argue is in opposition to Utilitarianism. Utilitarian thinking entertains the idea that human behavior is basically driven by self interest. Utilitarian philosophy places man outside of history, seeking to interpret human social actions in terms of a-temporal concepts of utility and the pursuit of self-interest (Giddens, p. 1-2). But, according to Durkheim, utilitarian viewpoints fail to realize the affect of the group (co llective conscience) on the thoughts and actions of the individual. Understanding certain human actions (like suicide) would not be possible if the affect of the group on the individual is not understood. Whenever any elements combine and, by the fact of their combination produce new phenomena, it is evident that these phenomena are not given in the elements, but in the totality formed by their union (Giddens, p. 70). In this way Durkheims idea of collective conscience challenges and contradicts utilitarian ways of thinking. So in a nutshell, understanding collective conscience and the effect it has on the individual will help to understand Durkheims interpretation of society. The first important section of the article can be understood through collective conscience. Society has placed a negative stereotype against guns and tobacco (primary deviance). Therefore the Attorneys-general acted how they felt society wanted them to act resulting in lawsuits. The second follows along with this same principle. Important figures, such as attorneys-general, display the fact that they were against guns and tobacco. This sends a message that guns and tobacco are in opposition to the ideal collective conscience, hence other groups follow along and decide to take similar action. They are acting according to the collective conscience. The third focal point has a slightly different reasoning behind it. In this case, the public officials need to find the balance between the group and the individual. Society tells the American individual to believe in democracy and act according to it. But the individual also realizes that however much American society believes in democracy, those with money rule. So in the articles case, the public officials must balance the society and the individual. On one hand, the individual wants to take the democratic path, but, on the other hand, the individual also is persuaded by the money involved. Therefore some sort of balance between the two must be achieved. In this case, that balance comes through money. And finally, the fourth idea can be understood through ritual. It is ritual for disputes in American society to be handled in a democratic fashion. But this new trend (using lawsuits), goes against this ritual. This new trend is not consistent with the norm therefore it creates turmoil. Now that others are picking up on the trend, it may become a new ritual in our American society. A change in the ritual would undoubtedly create a change in conscience collective and ideal types, therefore a change in society. If these four ideas are understood than it should be simple to see the Durkheimian interpretation of this artic le. ***********Capitalism is the most important aspect of Marxian theory. Seeing the world as being fundamentally about capitalism and the spread of capitalism is seeing the world as Marx would. In understanding this concept, it is important to understand the Labor Theory of Value. Basically, money is the claim over the labor of others. The value or worth of a man is, as in all other things, his price: that is, so much as would be given of the Use of his Power (Kamenka, p. 405). Out of this idea comes some very fundamental aspects of capitalism, such as surplus value and exploitation. Not knowing about exploitation and surplus value is not knowing about capitalism. Surplus value is basically the amount of labor that can be received more than the amount paid. So for example, if I pay a worker 2 dollars and their work makes me 4 dollars, than they would have a 2 dollar surplus value. One great way of creating an enormous surplus value is through exploitation. Marx comments on surplus value, The quantity of labour by which the value of the workmans labouring power is limited forms by no means a limit to the quantity of labour which his labouring power is apt to perform (Kamenka, p. 408). In understanding the relationship between surplus value and exploitation, it becomes evident that the world basically comes down to those with the means of production continually searching for this surplus value through exploitation. These ideals help to form the framework in trying to unpack this article as Marx would. The Attorneys-general are trying to rid the tobacco and gun industries of their power. Therefore, according to Marx, they must rid them of their capital or their ability to control the means of production. What better way to do that than through stripping them of their money. Without money, they lose some of the tight grip they possess on the means of production. Secondly Marx would argue that the other opposition (states and mayors) to the tobacco and gun industr ies see that the threat of stripping these industries of their means of production may be the solution, so they take similar action. Seeing the power of money, they also file lawsuits. The third key idea is about taking control of the means of production. The public officials will cease the opportunity of taking advantage of all the money that would be available through all these new lawsuits. They could translate this money into taking control of the means of production. After gaining control of the means of production, they can exploit workers creating surplus value and therefore strengthening their grip on these newfound means of production giving them power. The final ideal can also be addressed through capitalist beliefs. The new trend of fighting the tobacco and gun industry is through stripping these industries of capital. Doing this is not good for the prospects of maintaining democracy, but it is a good way to capture a grip over the means of production. Therefore these act ions taken against these companies can be seen as capitalist actions. The Marxian interpretation is based on capitalism. Understanding society as fundamentally being about capitalism and the spread of capitalism is understanding this article through Marxian eyes. ***********Having knowledge of Weber, Durkheim, and Marx undoubtedly increases the capacity of my intellectual tool-kit, and aids in interpreting the contemporary world. First off, they prepare me with a much more solid framework by which I can make more intelligent interpretations. It helps me to understand how the world actually works as opposed to how the world should work. There is a very distinct difference between these two statements and understanding that difference only becomes possible if a strong framework is possessed. A second subject these theorists allow me to understand is the idea of the individual and how the individual relates to society. They help you to understand the individual as a part of society, bu t also the society as a part of the individual. Their work also broadened my personal viewpoints of Sociology and Anthropology. I always knew that these two areas where key, but now I can understand them as a science. If I understand the science of sociology and anthropology, I will be better equipped when it comes to understanding the world around me. Through understanding these two sciences, I have come to understand that society has no clear path and that it is ever-changing. Those changes come from people. We make history but not as we choose. This makes for our uncontrollable and at times unpredictable future. And finally, I can now better understand history. If we study history we can avoid mistakes made in the past. But a big part of understanding history is understanding power: what power is and who has it. Power is different for all three, but understanding the different aspects of power helps in answering this age old question. I now understand their views and these views help me formulate my very own views. And it is through both the formulation of these unique views and putting these views into action that keeps this world ever changing and at the same time unpredictable.