Literature

REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Story of an Hour† A)   Plot : The married Mrs. Louise Mallard is told her husband has died in a train accident.   She has a heart condition and experiences deep grief over her husband’s death.   Slowly the grief fades and she begins to feel a sense of relief.   Realizing now she does not have to live for anyone else but herself.   She can do what she wants when she wants.   Just as she is overcome with joy about her new and limitless future, her husband walks through the door.   There was a mistake and he was not even near the crash, Mrs. Mallard dies from her heart condition. B) Narrative Point of View : Omniscient point of view narrates the story.   The narrator knows everything that is happening and what everyone is thinking in the story. C)   Characters : Mrs. & Mr. Mallard are the main characters.   Josephine and Richard are the couple’s friends. D)   Style : She makes interesting use of the Omniscient point of view.   Most stories featuring this particular narrative style become boring and predictable.   However, in this particular short story the omniscient narrator has a bit of a sense of humor and timing, keeping the most important information (that Mr. Mallard did not die in the accident) well hidden until the end of the story.   There is also a bit of irony that Mrs. Mallard dreams of freedom end in her death which is another form of freedom.   It is important to point out that Mrs. Mallard does not die from joy but from sadness having to go back to living and submitting to her husband again. E) Setting : The bulk of the story takes place physically in the Mallard house, and Mrs. Mallard’s room.   Much of the text of the novel actually takes place in Mrs. Mallard’s mind and thoughts. F)   Imagery : This story is fairly light on imagery, however the train could remind the reader about the forward motion of life. G) Themes : Everyone should have the freedom to live life as they want too, it can be a source of great joy, but   the removal of the joy (however brief) can be deadly. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† A)   Plot : An old   man sits in a cafà ©, it is almost closing time.   Two waiters are serving him, and are anxious to go home.   The younger waiter wants to go home to his wife and warm bed.   The older waiter has nothing to go home too.   The old waiter will probably end up a bar himself after work.   The old man discusses his discontentment with life, attempted suicide, and his loneliness.  Ã‚   The story continues and we see that the old waiter has much of the same feelings of depression and struggles against them each night.   The old waiter has lost faith in god and he fears what will happen after death. B)   Narrative Point of View : The point of view of this story is third person.   The narrator does not participate in the action of the story. C) Characters : An old waiter, the main character, and the young waiter. D)   Style :   Hemmingway makes good use of the foil systems.   Both waiters act as foils to the main character. E)   Setting : This short story is primarily set in cafà © in late evening.   Two waiters serve their last customers and hope to leave soon. F) Imagery :   The use of light and dark in the story is interesting to look at   The cafe is clean and well light, the bar however is dirty and dark.   The old waiter believes that there is nothing after death so the human race is left in the dark.   Light represents what men use to distract himself from the darkness or the thought of death.   This is typical of Hemmingway’s nihilistic view of the world with no hope and no escape except for what man creates for himself. G)   Themes : The theme of the story is the same thing that run through his other stories – there is no god, no meaning in the world, and man must find things to distract him from the horrible truth. 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young,† AE Housman A)   Speaker / Situation :   The speaker of the poem is someone who knows the athlete, perhaps a member of his community who was able to watch the athlete’s accomplishments.   The poem reads like a speech read at a funeral, though it is never clear if that is the intended purpose.   The speaker directly addresses the dead athlete.   The situation of the poem is a young vibrant athlete has passed away and the speaker in the poem is telling the audience that is better to die in the prime of your life then to peak and decline in your â€Å"older† years.   It is clear from the lines of the poem that the speaker must have had his fair share of glorious moments but no longer can achieve them. B)   Word Choice :   In stanza one the speaker talks about the athlete was revered and well loved, and how the town cheered for his victories.   The dictation of the first stanza sounds like a cheerleading cheer with a AABB rhyme scheme : race, place and by, high. C)   Figurative Language : The author uses euphemisms for death in the poem : â€Å"the road all runners come,† â€Å"threshold,† â€Å"shady night,† and â€Å"shade† instead of directly addressing death. D)   Imagery – N/A E)   Symbols: N/A F)   Other :   The poem carries a certain amount of irony while the poem is about a young man dying, it is supposed to be sad but the speaker speaks about how great it is to die in the prime of your life. G)   Structure : The poem has a very monotonous tone with rhymed couplets.   This particular structure creates music for the poem much like a death march. H) Theme : The briefness of life and fame.   Housman compares the two and shows are each is brief and should be valued while they last. 2)   â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost A)   Speaker / Situation : The speaker of the poem is one of two neighbors who are having a conflict over the building of a wall between their properties. B) Figurative Language : C)   Word Choice : Frost uses casual language and a friendly tone to convey the feeling of poem.   The speaker seems very friendly and honest, and immediately the reader feels like he is an old friend. D)   Imagery :   Frost breathes life into the cold New England landscape which offers a great backdrop to this poem. E)   Symbols : Frost uses the metaphor of stones to represent anything that comes between two people.   Whether it is emotion or inanimate objects.   The wall embodies this separation and invades every interaction   they with each other.   The wall represents control and limitation. F)   Other :   N/A G)   Structure : N/A H)   Theme : One of the major themes in The Mending Wall is the cycles of the seasons.   Many phrases refer to the seasons , in cyclic way – â€Å"spring mending-time,† â€Å"frozen ground-swell,† â€Å"once again,† â€Å"spring is the mischief in me.†Ã‚   Isolation is another theme.   The poem comments on the nature of society , how we interact with each, and how society functions as a whole.   Often in society we do not realize that we build walls between us, â€Å"No one has seen them made or heard them made.† 2)   â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake A)   Speaker / Situation : This poem is about the nature of creation, unlike his other poems this one takes on the depiction of the dark side of creation.   It has some pretty intense religious overtones. B)   Word Choice : Each line ends in a perfect rhyme. C)   Figurative Language :   N/A D)   Imagery : N/A E)   Symbols :   The Tyger is the representation creation, the process of creation, and the creator.   He is fierce, strong, cunning, and if he wants to be deadly.   Comparing this to God, the creator of the universe. F)   Other : There are several contrasting words â€Å"burning bright – night† shows the visual impact of the tyger, â€Å"hand – eye† contrast practical skill and art, â€Å"deeps – skies† contrasts the depths of the universe and the good and evil within that universe. G)   Structure :   Six four line stanzas or six quartrains in rhymed couplets.   Most of the lines contain seven syllables.   There i H)   Theme   : Man-made phenomena (inventions), their purposes and unwanted effects, e.g. technical progress, nuclear power etc. Reflect on religious aspects; is there an almighty God? Does he renounce the control of nature, its creatures and man-made evils? 3) Definitions: Reversal : unexpected series of events which causes the action in a narrative to switch direction Recognition : when a character realizes the error of his ways and attempted to make it right Tragic Flaw : a personality flaw of the hero, which causes the character to make choices which seals their fate Exposition : background information before the action of the story begins Rising Action : general introduction of characters and setup for the climax Crisis : when the main character decides what she/he will do and commits to it. Climax : is the turning point of the story Resolution : when loose ends are tied up and characters reflect on what happened and what they learned 3)   Antigone Exposition :   Ã‚  Ã‚   Polyneices and Eteocles are two brother who fight on the opposite sides of a war.   They have both died in battle.   The new leader of Creon commands that Eteocles will be honored but Polyneices will not be. Rising Action : Polyneices will not be given a holy burial, and the animals will eat him.   Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead brothers.   Antigone plots with Ismere to buy Polyneices.   Ismene refuses to   help because if they are caught disobeying they will be put to death. Crisis : Antigone becomes this tragedy’s hero and is going to bury Polyneices himself.   Creon finds out the body has been buried and orders the sentry to seek out the person who buried him.   He soon locates Antigone.   She does not deny what she did.   Soon her sister is also taken.   The sisters are locked up temporarily.   Haemon who is Creon’s son, and the Antigone’s fiance promises his father his alliance. Haemon tries to talk his father out of killing Antigone but when he refuses, Haemon fights with his father.   Creon imprisons Antigone in a cave.   Teiresias, the prophet warns that the gods will be unhappy with Creon if he continues to hold Antigone.   The prophet tells Creon that he will lose his children, Greece will dispie him, and the offerings made by Thebes will not be accepted gy the gods. Climax : Creon decides to free Antigone and bury Polyneices.   However he is too late, he gets notice that Haemon and Antigone have both killed themselves.   Upon hearing the news, Creon’s wife Eurydice kills herself. Resolution : Creon realizes that everything that has happened to him he causes himself.   He knows his actions were wrong and the Gods did not approve. Reversal and Recognition :   Antigone and Creon fight over whether or not it is morally right to bury Polyneices properly.   Reversal occurs when Creon is told that his children will die, and he will loose the respect of Greece.   Recognition comes when Creon takes the adivce of counsel and attempts to make things right by letting Antigone go and burying Polyneices. Tragic Flaw :   Antigone’s tragic flaw is her own arrogance.   She insists she is right and must bury Polneices, and even after she is caught she continues to plead her case Creon by telling him he wrong and she is right. Tragedy Themes and Structure : Antigone chooses to bury Polynecies and in doing so has accepted her punished and fate of being buried alive.   Creon chooses to not bury Polyneices and chooses to cave up Antigone in doing so, even though he is counseled not to he seals his fate of loosing everything he values in the world. 3) Hamlet Rising Action : Hamlet is the son of Denmark who has recently been died.   Hamlet’s uncle (Claudius)   then marries Hamlet’s mother (Gertrude).   Hamlet thinks that Claudius might have killed his father to become the kind of Denmark.   Hamlet’s father’s ghost appears to two officers and eventually Hamlet himself.   The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius did kill his father. Crisis : Hamlet then begins to plot to avenge his father’s death.   Hamlet begins to act like a madman, and it isn’t entirely clear if he is truly insane or just pretending.   Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, friends of Hamlet, are sent to spy on him by Gertrude.   Claudius sends Hamlet to England, and tells Ophelia (who may be in a relationship with Hamlet)   not to associate with Hamlet any longer. Climax : Before leaving Hamlet puts on a play re-enacting the King’s death in hopes of getting Claudius to admit to the murder.   Instead he becomes enraged. Resolution : Hamlet’s mother tries to reason with Hamlet.   Polonius, Ophelia’s father, spies on them, and Hamlet kills him.   Claudius does send Hamlet to England with secret orders to have Hamlet killed.   But Hamlet finds out and is not killed.   Ophelia ends up going man and killing herself.   Hamlet is captured by pirates and is returned to Claudius.   Claudius arranges a sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes.   Hoping Laertes will kill Hamlet with a poison sword tip. The victory cup is also poisoned just in case Laertes is not successful.   .   During the fight the poison drink is offered to Hamlet, who declines and the Queen ends up drinking it, and dies.   Hamlet switches swords with Laertes, who then dies.   As he dies he admits Claudius did murder the King of Denmark.   Laertes dies, Hamlet stabs and kills Claudius and Hamlet dies. Recognition and Reversal : When Hamlet re-enacts his father’s death in the play preformed in front of Claudius and Gertrude is the unexpected event that cause Claudius to realize that Hamlet does know that he is responsible for his father’s murder.   Claudius recognizes that he must get rid of Hamlet if he wants to continue to be the King of Denmark. Tragic   Flaw : Hamlet’s tragic flaw is that he is loyal and is consumed with avenging his father’s murder. Tragedy Themes and Structure : When Hamlet decides to avenge his father’s death he is also accepting his fate of a similar end.   He knows he must murder, and also die to make right the wrongs that were committed against his father, the King of Denmark.   When Clauidius and Gertrude choose to betray the king and murder him, they choose their fate to die just like the King.   They do not realize their fate until after Hamlet performs his play. 4) Biographical Critical Theory – Understanding the history of an author is extremely important in understanding the reasons why he wrote, the way he wrote, and what he was trying to communicate in his writing.   Biographical information can be very expansive covering the life and times of an author and his / her views on multiple topics.   It can also be very specific and center only on key plot points in the text.   For example understanding Hemmingway’s life – he was an alcoholic, he was in World War II, and womanizer certainly can shed light on his short story â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place.†Ã‚   Without that biographical information the story makes very little sense. 4) Deconstructive Critical Theory – Deconstruction is a movement in literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions of identity, truth, and certainty.   Critics using this method believe that text contains no meaning.   Meaning only exists in the minds of the reader.   This is extremely interesting approach and explains while two students reading the same piece of text can have different views about what the poem is about and what the author was trying to convey to the reader. The reader’s past experience greatly effects the meaning he may draw from a piece of literature.   The poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† by AE Housman, can be interpreted in many different ways.   Some people believe that the poem is an actual eulogy, a father’s thoughts about the lost of his son, a   man speaking to himself as a young man, etc.   The views aren’t based on the text but on the meaning that the reader draws from that text.   Without deconstructive critical theory we would have to accept the traditional view that this poem is a eulogy. 5)   I think Historical Critical Theory is the most limited.   I do think it is important to understand the historical context a piece of literature is written in.   It is also important to have a general information about the details of specific historical events of that given time period.   However, I think that the reader often gets bogs down in history and misses parts of the prose that are really important like dictation, metaphor, rhyme, irony, and most importantly personal experience. For example in Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, the reader could research the historic events that occurred in the late 19th century.   We could take note of the relationship between men and women this time, and write a whole paper about relationships and the dominance of women in the time period.   In doing that the reader misses the humor, the sharp ironic edge, the wit, and the social satire Chopin so skillfully employs. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.

Criminal Procedure Essay

â€Å"One may well ask: How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but, a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.† – Martin Luther King, Jr. Imagine a perfect society, where the population had a standard set of rules and followed them. In that perfect society, everyone knew the rules down to a specific science hence, they knew how to obey said rules. Unfortunately in our time, we do not have a perfect society. Our civilization has lost the knowledge of their rights unless either; a.) laws were broken by an individual or b.) the individual is studying or examining criminal law. Either way, our society unknowingly forfeits their rights in certain situations. On the other hand, there are law enforcement officers who have sworn to uphold these rights to obtain their position. Some do not know themselves, when they have crossed the line of duty or violated a right. It is up to us to break down and identify the validity and righteousness of the â€Å"Officer Smith & The Gold Pontiac† situation we are presented with. Reasonable suspicion is â€Å"a standard used in criminal procedure, more relaxed than probable cause, that can justify less-intrusive searches. A reasonable suspicion exists when a reasonable person under the circumstances, would, based upon specific and articulable facts, suspect that a crime has been committed (Reasonable Suspicion, Cornell Law School Library [2013]).† Officer Smith pulled over a gold, older model Pontiac because she noticed tape on what she suspected to be broken. One might wonder why Officer Smith pulled the Pontiac over. In most states, the driver is held accountable for faulty equipment of their vehicle. Unless the tape is red, reflective and transparent, an officer has every right to pull the driver over and issue a ticket. In my own experience, it is highly likely for a police officer to pull someone over if there was an obstruction of a head or taillight. I myself have been pulled over for something similar in which I received a warning or ticket. On her way to the driver’s window, Officer Smith remembers the description of a vehicle that was recently involved in a roadside killing of another police officer. That description fit with the Pontiac she had just pulled over. Officer Smith proceeds to ask the driver to get out of the vehicle so she may conduct a quick pat down for weapons. According to the Fourth Amendment, a justifiable search begins with reasonable suspicion. In this case, Officer Smith asks the driver to endure a â€Å"stop and frisk†. This means, the officer had the right to ask for a quick pat down of the driver’s outer clothing in search of a weapon(s). In my belief, the driver’s rights were not violated and valid based on the officer’s request for a stop and frisk. Nothing illegal has happened between the two. â€Å"If, during the pat down for weapons, the officer feels a weapon on the individual, the officer then has probable cause to conduct a complete search.† (Roberson, Wallace & Stuckey, 2007; p.83) In our example, a weapon was not felt or found on the driver. Furthermore, Officer Smith has now conducted what’s known as a â€Å"Terry Stop†. What is the difference between a Terry Stop and the Stop and Frisk you ask? There isn’t any significant difference. Prior to â€Å"Terry Vs. Ohio† (1968), a stop and frisk protected against illegitimate search and seizure. Where as after, it is come to be known as; constitutional according to circumstances where a reasonably suspicious officer has a valid concern for societies or his/her safety. After the Terry Stop, Officer Smith directed the driver to have a seat in the vehicle and asks for their driver license and registration. I would think that this procedure is pretty standard in identifying who the driver is and maybe writing out a ticket for the taillight tape. The driver had other plans and speeds away from Officer Smith without giving requested information. It is to my knowledge that Officer Smith has mor e than reasonable suspicion now. She has probable cause to believe that the driver was in fact, the killer from the incident she’d heard about. With probable cause, Officer Smith proceeds to chase the Pontiac. The chase ends when the driver of the Pontiac hits a telephone pole. You may stop to ask me; â€Å"What is the difference between probable cause and reasonable suspicion?† From my understanding of the two, probable cause is grounds for a warrant or for an arrest. Reasonable suspicion is not but, it may be grounds to further investigate or for a police officer to detain a person or vehicle for further investigation (Florida State University Law Review, Summer (2006), Vol. 33, Issue 4, 1239-1248). I’m compelled to agree with officer Smith in this instance. The driver demonstrated reckless behavior, presenting exigent circumstances for Officer Smith to give chase to this vehicle. According to The Cornell Law Library, an exigent circumstance is â€Å"a circumstance that requires an immediate response. It occurs when police officers believe they have probable cause and there is no time to obtain a warrant. (Exigent Circumstance), Cornell Law School Library [2013])† Being that the chase ended with a severe crash, Officer Smith did respond immediately to the situation. Furthermore, our scenario goes on to explain that Officer Smith feared that the car might catch on fire from the leaking gas tank. She pulls out the driver from the vehicle and goes back to get her purse for identification. It is then that Officer Smith sees that the glove box has popped open and in it was a firearm with documents on top of it. We are asked to think about if the firearm was in plain view and if it was legally obtained? Since I am just a Criminal Justice student, I would have to say affirmative to both. I say that in full confidence because it is legal for an officer to enter a vehicle at the scene of an accident to assist without an issued search warrant. Without rummaging through the vehicles co ntents, the officer sees a weapon or narcotics. Even with the use of a flashlight, it is still considered legal. Just because something is hidden behind darkness, doesn’t mean it wouldn’t be seen during daylight, right? The other permissible circumstance regarding the plain view doctrine is, if the officer moves him or herself around to take a look. The object in plain view (without a thorough search) can be seized and is admissible evidence in court. The fact that the gun was seen through the documentation clearly shows that it was in plain view and didn’t have to be searched for. Officer Smith goes on to find the driver’s purse. In an attempt to locate the driver’s identification, she finds a baggie of Marijuana in the driver’s purse. Although I do not believe that this will uphold as evidence in this case, it may present the driver with another set of charges against her. Perhaps the driver may get charged with possession of an illegal substance? However, I really feel that Officer Smith did not have the right to search for anything other than the drivers license, even though she did find the Marijuana in the purse. In my studies it would be considered â€Å"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree†. Although Officer Smith was legally allowed to enter the vehicle without a search warrant and assist in identifying the driver, I believe that the retrieval of the cannabis will not be permissible in court for the reasons I’ve stated above. Our scenario also goes on to state that it was later found that this vehicle was not the vehicle involved in the death of the officer. It also states that it was determined that the taillight was not in fact broken. One might question or argue at this point, whether the entire scenario is justifiable or necessary? From my point of view it was entirely correct. The officer had a valid reason to pull the car over. She had reasonable suspicion for a Terry Stop. Her reasonable suspicion then turned to probable cause when the driver fled the sight without presenting the officer with what she’d asked for. The officer then acted within a responsible manner to help the driver out of the crashed vehicle. After all, law enforcement is there to â€Å"protect and serve† our community. The firearm was in plain sight of the officer while she tried to locate the driver’s identification. Nothing except the search and seizure of the contents of the purse violated the rights of the driver; nor incriminated the police officer. It is in my belief that Officer Smith could’ve called for backup or help once she found the scene of the accident. She could’ve taken the purse out of the vehicle and even seized the gun. However, she had time to obtain a warrant to search the purse. In instances like we have just gone through, it is interesting to see just how knowledgeable each player is with their rights and responsibilities. We see these cases often in the news and some do not even make it to trial because either a right was violated or a piece of evidence was gathered with some mistake made in obtaining it. â€Å"Don’t interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties.†- President Abraham Lincoln References Exigent Circumstance [Def.1], In Legal Information Institute, Cornell Univeristy Law School Libarary. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/exigent_circumstances Plain View Doctrine [Def.1], In Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School Library. Retrieved February 15, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/plain_view_doctrine Reasonable Suspicion [Def.1]. In Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School Library. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/reasonable_suspicion Stuckey, G., Roberson, C., & Wallace, H., (2006). Procedures in the Justice System (8th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Florida State University Law Review, Summer (2006), Vol. 33, Issue 4, 1239-1248, Retrieved February 14, 2013, from http://www.heinonline.org.lib.kaplan.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/flsulr33&div=61

Is it possible to see Elizabeth Bennet as a feminist heroine?

Elizabeth Bennet is perhaps the least conventional of Austen's characters, and certainly does not conform to what her society expected of her in the way of being submissive. Austen herself admitted that ‘pictures of perfection †¦ make me sick and wicked', and so our lovable protagonist Elizabeth is set apart from the traditional heroine with her independence of mind, and courage to challenge accepted role of women. To the modern day reader her refusal to be the demure, submissive ideal woman of the conduct books written by such a Hannah Moore, insisting ‘girls †¦ hould early acquire a submissive temper and a forbearing spirit' allows her to appear a feminist heroine. By refusing two offers of marriage Elizabeth exercises her only available method of choice, as Henry Tilney of Austen's Northanger Abbey points out ‘Man has the advantage of choice, woman only the power of refusal'. This demonstration of control earns our respect for Elizabeth as a heroine, and it certainly challenges the society's insistence on the significance of class distinction, appealing to the modern reader. Feminist critics Gilbert and Gubar assert that ‘Elizabeth stands out as a young woman who has no intention of following the prescription of restraint and submission for the achievement of happiness'. She demonstrates this with the manner in which she turns down Mr. Collins' proposal, explaining her refusal of his hand in marriage, ‘You could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who would make you so'. Mr. Collins is so shocked by her rationality he believes it can only be due to her modesty; and hopes ‘when I do myself the honour of speaking to you next I shall hope to receive a much more favourable answer'. Her action contradicts entirely the principles set out in the conduct books, and the reaction she receives reinforces the unusualness of our heroine's honesty. Charlotte, however, seems to conform with society's expectations of a young lady, and accepts as though she is presented with no happy alternative, ‘convinced that my chances of happiness with him is as fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state'. Austen paints a bleak picture of this marriage for the reader, deeming it ‘impossible' for Charlotte ‘to be tolerably happy', and her position reveals the difficulties facing young women, and the pressure on them to marry. Elizabeth's refusal to submit to this is certainly what sets her apart, with more modern ideas of how women ought to be. When she is around Darcy Elizabeth behaves very differently from the more traditional Bingly sisters, not allowing her herself to be put down. In their discussion over how accomplished young women are, Elizabeth is not afraid to put her own argument forward, and demonstrates her intelligence and rationality by deducing ‘[Darcy] must comprehend a great deal in your idea as an accomplished woman'. Miss Bingly on the other hand simply reiterates what Darcy says, and for this Austen reduces her to ‘his faithful assistant'. Miss Bingly tries to creep towards Darcy, with her flattering tone, whereas Elizabeth is far more straightforward, and spirited. The Bingly sisters had disapproved of Elizabeth since her early entrance to Pemberly, exaggerating her state after walking of having a mucky petticoat and messy hair to call her ‘wild'. Interestingly it seems she is not only referring to how she looked, but also condemning her out of the ordinary behaviour, determined to look down on the people of Meryton. Having been polite to Elizabeth's face Austen reveals the sisters to be false, and unkind. Although Elizabeth does appeal to the reader as a modern heroine, one might argue that Lydia is the sister with the most modern attitude, eloping to a man she lusts after, declaring in her letter that her and Wickham's marriage shall take pace ‘some time or other †¦ it does not much signify when'. However it is clear Austen disapproves of her attitude, and means for the reader to disapprove of her, through the objective narrator; a voice condemning her as ‘always unguarded and often uncivil'. Perhaps it is as punishment that Lydia's marital life shall be unfulfilled, as when Austen exiles Maria Betram in ‘Mansfield Park', for running away with Henry Crawford despite her marriage to Mr. Rushworth – sent to ‘another country, remote and private'. It seems she is also in search of attention, and Gilbert and Gubar's observation that ‘marriage †¦ is the only accessible form of self-definition for girls in her [Jane Austen's] society' helps us to speculate that this may have been her ulterior motive for this relationship. In her letter to Harriett she confirms that she will find their surprise amusing, ‘oh what a great joke it will be! ‘, and her frivolous attitude towards her situation demonstrates her selfishness and compulsive mind, which Elizabeth view kindly. When rationally attempting to deter her father from permitting Lydia to accompany Mrs. Forster to Brighton, her sensible attitude is prominent as she analyses the danger she poses to the Bennets, explaining ‘our importance, our respectability in the world, must be affected by the wild volatility †¦ which marks Lydia's character'. Her key phrase ‘in the world' reminds the reader of the very different world inhabited by the girls, one in which it would not be possible for Lydia's conduct to be deemed acceptable. Elizabeth's attitudes here puts into perspective that although she challenges the assumed role of women in society, Elizabeth is still sensible to the significance of keeping reputation's up, and remains dignified in Austen's ‘world'. Once more exercising her only ‘power', Elizabeth also refuses Darcy's first proposal, despite his having ‘had no doubt of a favourable answer'. This attitude is much like Mr. Collins' expecting, as most men would at the time, an acceptance from girl with notably few prospects (as picked up on by the Binglys), despite his attitude towards the affair communicating his beliefs that it would be ‘a degradation'. She appears to rebel against society's expectations, and her contradiction to Darcy's assumption that a young woman must accept his hand in marriage is almost humorous, lending emphasis to the significance of Elizabeth's choices. When turning him down she tells him in no uncertain terms for why, with a forceful, truthful and compromising response, which uses very plain words like ‘unwillingly' which take her straight to point, and point out a rather painful truth. This demonstrates both her independence and the way she challenges the accepted conduct of a young woman of the time, to be perhaps more considerate of a man's feelings. Elizabeth demonstrates her strength not only by refusing to submit to men, but also through holding her own with Lady Catherine at both Rosings and Longbourn. She declares herself ‘a gentleman's daughter', and as such Darcy's equal, and refutes Lady Catherine's accusation that she has ‘upstart pretentions', refusing to conform to her society's expectation of her not to challenge her class superior. Her forwardness is picked up on by Lady Catherine, who is perhaps actually delivering a compliment, rather than a criticism, when noting ‘you give your opinion decidedly so for so young a person'. Elizabeth also refuses to be humbled just because Darcy earns ‘ten thousand a year', and is intended to marry Lady Catherine's daughters ‘of the same noble line'. In these scenes, Elizabeth appeals very much to the less class-conscious modern reader, and it is here that Vivien Jones sees Elizabeth as an agent for change, arguing ‘the old and new are synthesised in the union of the mercantile Gardiners and the landed gentry'. This suggests her marriage brings about a healthy change in the novel, as Darcy conquers his pride and welcomes the Gardiners to Pemberly. In this way we might regard Elizabeth as a modern heroine – a woman who makes a difference to her society. However, we can not ignore the fact Darcy is as fluent about her ‘inferiority', admitting to having ‘struggled' to suppress his feelings, as he is about his love for her in his initial proposal. Therefore, it seems their marriage shall be still quite traditional; with the woman subservient to her husband. Of course, in Jane Austin's society women were still swearing in their marital vows to ‘love, honour and obey', and so some critics argue that by the end, in choosing to marry Mr. Darcy, ‘Elizabeth conforms in the end to the feminine ideal of the helpmeet'. She is absorbed into Darcy's world, in which she will have little influence at all. But, we must not ignore the fact that it was, in the end her choice for marriage, and although she could not propose when she wanted it, she made sure it did not take place when it didn't suit her. Uniquely, our heroine stands out as a woman who feels she ‘may take liberties with her husband', and to feel this way in such a time must not be overlooked by the modern reader as what is expected. Although Jane Austen herself would never have used the term ‘feminist heroine', there is certainly debate about how she appears to the modern reader. Elizabeth Bennet is certainly appealing as our twenty first century heroine through the intelligence and courage to be independent, and Vivien Jones argues that she has the power to change the social order. However, as Marian Cox observes, ‘though she mocks patriarchal structures, Austen must inhabit them', pointing out that despite Elizabeth's independace, she still must marry, for due to the laws of primogeniture she had no other option of maintaining wealth. This does mean Elizabeth can not be seen as a heroine however, as she still challenges her society, and marries a man she loves which is better than most women of the time.

Business Ethics In Tyco International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics In Tyco International - Essay Example It tried to offer the high level of commitment and fair practices to its customer enhance its range of traffic as well as implementing to offer the higher degree of concentration over value-based leadership views. This is because value-based leadership describes a manager as a type of leader who acts for the betterment of the organization. He or she implements the decisions or ideas of the employees of the organization after vigorous discussion with them so as to attain the detailed information about them. Side by side, it also helps in analyzing the pros and cons of the ideas so that it might prove effective for the organization in the long run. Other than this, in value-based leadership, the manager or leader motivates the employees or co-workers in such a way so that they might work to accomplish the objective or goal of the organization. Apart from this, prior implementing any new law or regulation, he also tries to communicate with all so as to evaluate its pros and cons. Moreov er, the manager or leader of Tyco international always tries to maintain fair practices within the employees and also encourages healthy competition with its rivals. As a result, the level of commitment among the employees and the management or the leader also becomes more and more effective resulting in amplification of its level of performance of the organization and the individual employees as well. So as per the manager or leader of Tyco international good ethics leads to effective business dealings.... It tried to offer high level of commitment and fair practices to its customer enhance its range of traffic as well as implementing to offer higher degree of concentration over value-based leadership views. This is because value-based leadership describes a manager as a type of leader who acts for the betterment of the organization. He or she implements the decisions or ideas of the employees of the organization after vigorous discussion with them so as to attain the detailed information about them. Side by side, it also helps in analyzing the pros and cons of the ideas so that it might prove effective for the organization in long run (OToole, 52). Other than this, in value based leadership the manager or leader motivates the employees or co-workers in such a way so that they might work to accomplish the objective or goal of the organization (Tyco, 21). Apart from this, prior implementing any new law or regulation, he also tries to communicate with all so as to evaluate its pros and c ons. Moreover, the manager or leader of Tyco international always tries to maintain fair practices within the employees and also encourages healthy competition with its rivals. As a result, the level of commitment among the employees and the management or the leader also becomes more and more effective resulting in amplification of its level of performance of the organization and the individual employees as well. So as per the manager or leader of Tyco international good ethics leads to effective business dealings (OToole, 54). However, such type of commitment and fair decision making process is lacked in case of Samsung. Apart from this, the management of the Samsung do not desire any sort of participation of the employees prior making any new

The Great Fire of London 1666 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Fire of London 1666 - Research Paper Example There are a number of factors that came into play and that worked together to turn a small, simple fire into the greatest conflagration in the history of England. Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist of Stuart England, experienced the Great Fire first-hand, and was instrumental in the successful efforts to halt the inferno. Pepyss diary entry of September 2, 1666, states that one of the household maid-servants, on her arrival at the Pepys household that morning, told of a great fire that was at that moment raging in the city. The entry further relates what Pepys himself found when he went personally to investigate the situation in his duty as Clerk to the Royal Navy. Much of what is known about the Great Fire comes from Pepyss own account and subsequent investigations undertaken after the event. The fire itself was ignited in the premises of Thomas Farynor (or Farriner), the Kings Baker (perhaps an appropriate name for a baker or one who works with flour, taken from the old French word for flour, farine). It is believed that cinders or sparks were ejected from one of the bakers ovens earlier in the evening, at about 10:00pm, and started a small fire in the bakery. In the investigation Farynor swore that this fire had been extinguished. This may in fact have been the fire that Lord Mayor Bludworth was thinking of when he described the Great Fire as being so small that â€Å"a woman might piss it out†, perhaps unaware of the magnitude of the actual conflagration that had by then taken hold. In any event, the bakers home was an inferno by 1:00am, and the Great Fire grew from there. The fire spread from Farynors residence in Pudding Lane east towards the Tower of London, south towards the Barbican, west towards Temple Bar and north toward the Thames River and London Bridge. Pushed forward by strong easterly winds, it progressed

Stock Investment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stock Investment Analysis - Essay Example By careful analysis of the YTD returns it can also be observed that the short term yields for both the index as well as the FLCSX is higher than the long term yields. The yield differential between the 1 year return and 10 year return for FLCSX is 11.02% whereas the same is 9.9% for S&P 500. This implies that for the same time horizon, when the YTD returns of FLCSX is compared to that of S&P 500, the yield of FLCSX is more than S&P 500 index. Thus, while the FLCSX has yielded superior returns in long-term, the rate of fall in return is lower for S&P 500 implying that the later is less volatile compared to the former. The key drivers for fund performance as identified fidelity fund research are as follows: 1. Investor expectation mainly driven by changes in earnings and yield; 2. Short term or speculative investment; 3. Accuracy of estimates over time horizon; 4. Lower fund volatility Volatility or Risk Analysis of the Fund A portfolio is group of securities such as bonds, stocks wher e an investor invests his or her money. By diversifying money into a combination of securities, the investor mitigates the risk of holding a particular asset. Diversification of investment spreads the risk over many assets. A diversified portfolio gives the assurance of obtaining the anticipate return on portfolio. The concept of simple portfolio diversification is that some securities may not perform as anticipated but other assets might exceed the expected return making the actual return of the portfolio reasonably close to anticipated return (Huang, Wei and Yan, 2007, p. 2). Investing the entire sum of money in a single stock exposes the investor to the risk of that asset. So, in case when the price of that security falls in the market due to any reason, the investor will suffer huge losses. This, risk of concentration of money in a single stock is mitigated through diversification. Some of the key parameters that add risk to ones profile are discussed as follows:- The current yi eld of S&P 500 as on April 26, 2013 is 2.03% where as the YTD of FLCSX is 5.37%. The 10 year risk free rate of US T-bill is 1.70%. From the above information, the key parameters for assessment of risk can be calculated as follows: (Source: Bloomberg, 2013) From the above table it can be said that the beta of FLCSX is less than that of index S&P 500 which also means that the fund is less sensitive compared to the market. The standard deviation (SD) is the measure for fund’s volatility and from the above it can be said that the SD of FLCSX is much lower than that of index. The SD of S&P 500 composite index is found to be 197.18 where as the SD for FLCSX is 6.97. The higher values means that the funds are more volatile and vice-versa. The Sharpe Ratio measures the historically adjusted performance calculated by dividing the funds excess return and standard deviation of funds. Higher values indicates better performance and vice-versa and in this case it can be said that Sharpe ra tio of FLCSX is higher than that of the index implying that the large cap funds of fidelity has performed better than S&P 500. The fund managers are advised to regularly examine the vital

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Interview - Essay Example In this way, spirit of each epoch of the 20th century’s American history with its dynamics of a melting pot can be easily senses through musical legacy. Due to impact of social and cultural factors of modern days, our generation has come to give its affiliations mainly to contemporary popular music possessing easy-to-remember tunes, unpretentious lyrics and strong appealing dance rhythm and . Dynamic dance songs accompany us every day in many public places, even if we don’t listen to them willfully: shopping malls, cafà ©s or earphones of our fellow passengers in the underground. Development and popularization of such type of music has been gaining momentum for at least a decade. Pop music in this narrow sense has been a reflection of emotional state of the society and an imprint of its popular culture. On the other hand, each epoch of music history has its underground stage offering an alternative view on contemporary cultural values. However, it has been claimed by researchers, that modern society has become more prone to narcissism with all the more songs containing â€Å"me†, not â€Å"we† and all the more people living and feeling alone. In addition, modern songs contain more antisocial words than songs used to in 1980’s and even 1990’s. Personally, I have always valued various genres and trends in music, considering that they all pose some value for our culture – either supporting modern canons or denying them and adding a pitch of freshness and novelty. However, similar to the lion’s share of our generation, I prefer modern music, that is being â€Å"forged† in the present-day cultural and social environment – including both popular and underground music. However, my friend and interviewee called Tao Yi has a different type of affiliations, being a passionate fan of â€Å"old school† rock music that used to rock the world between mid-1970’s and late

Gay marriages in the Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gay marriages in the Military - Essay Example In case of the military though, at first gay and lesbian marriage and adoption were considered stigma and a taboo which may even result in losing employment of the person who indulges in same sex affairs. But with time and passage of antidiscrimination laws, it is becoming a norm and people are having a rather favorable approach towards this issue. Citizens in general and women in particular, were more likely to favor gay marriage and adoption within the military than were men. Gay marriage support groups were campaigned mostly by Liberal and Democratic political parties and their followers, especially those who supported ENDA and military. ENDA stands for Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which is a statutory-legislation presented by the U.S Congress. This act outlawed and restricted discrimination and non-employment on the basis of sexual orientation, it especially applies to the religious fanatics who deprive gays of their fundamental employment rights. On the other hand, the Con servatives and Republican groups antagonized this issue and were homophobic towards gay relationships. (Zimmerman & Wilcox, 2007). The change in attitude of military towards gay and lesbian alliances, arise from the very fact that the hectic army lifestyle, demands and objectives of warfare actually support their Homosexual identity. Sexual orientation is considered no more a measure of a service man’s merit and performance. Homosexuals are as good soldiers as heterosexuals, which is the advent of a rights based military service in which gay rights are identified on an equal opportunity basis. Gay marriages in the military are no more a cause for exclusion; self identified gay couples used to hide their identities because of rejection and lack of constitutional support. But now-a-days it is a common practice within the military. Since All the

Interview data collected and analysed (grammar, linking words, rewrite Essay

Interview data collected and analysed (grammar, linking words, rewrite concussions for each part - Essay Example It is quite necessary to conduct such a study in Saudi Arabia, as it is one of the most resourceful countries. Unfortunately most of its resources are wasted on unnecessary purposes like maintenance of buildings, especially hospitals. So this study bring to light a good point that maintenance costs would be less or not required at all if there is no faulty construction. However, there is a need to focus on the relationship between design building and maintenance, in terms of reduced maintenance budgets, in order to avoid design defects in Saudi Arabia, as the harsh climate of the Saudi Arabian Rub Al-Khali shortens the life of buildings. Therefore, this study will talk about the appropriate steps that should be considered while building new infrastructures in the future. Poor designing leads to defects and imperfections in the building structure, and it occurs due to defects in material selection, ventilation arrangements that are made as well as flooring defects that occur during th e construction process of the building. The beginning chapters lay emphasis on maintenance and stress that maintenance of buildings is increasing annually by great margins in Saudi Arabia. One of the main cause for this increase is the defects that take place during the construction process itself because if a building is constructed with the right selection of quality materials with the right design concepts and with the accurate plan then the maintenance cost required will be much. This is due to the fact that quality building material during construction will obviate the necessity for frequent repairs. As a continuation of the previous chapters it is an understood fact that building designs, which ignored the maintenance practicality and adequacy were the main determinants of increased maintenance costs in case of the hospitals in Saudi Arabia. But this maintenance is difficult because of the non-availability of replacement materials, skilled personnel and lack of funding for mai ntenance purposes. Hospital maintenance in Saudi Arabia is governed by a number of rules, which resist breakdown provisions of hospitals. Compared to other buildings, it is a hospital that requires timely and appropriate maintenance, as it is a life saving institution as doctors try their maximum to treat the patients. It is an established fact that hospital buildings should be based on the equipments that the hospital plans to install. Thus, the issue of maintenance stems from the wrong designing concept that has been used. Design faults in hospitals require costly restoration as maintenance cost or it requires the total tearing down of those buildings. Specification writing defect is a design fault, which is of high importance in the construction of hospitals. The next identified defect in design fault is the wrong material selection. Thus, proper care should be given with respect to procurement of materials and it would be good to prepare a material requirement plan in advance so that shortage of materials does not lead to the procurement of defected materials. In the literature review it has been mentioned about TQM or Total Quality Management. TQM is considered as a revolutionary approach to successful organization. The numerous researches in TQM have materialized from realistic requirements of organizations implementing the principles, which is highly practical

Cache Positive Environment Essay Example for Free

Cache Positive Environment Essay AC1.1: A description of what is meant by a positive environment In both a setting and home a positive learning environment is crucial for children. There are a number of things that contribute to a positive environment. A setting or class should be engaging and dynamic place for the children attending. Creating order and removing clutter helps children to feel there in orderliness in the environment in order from them to learn, having a disorganized environment can be a distraction. Children should be provided with a clean, safe, and organized setting. Stimulating posters, pictures along with work the children have made should be put up around the setting, not only can this be engaging for the children but shows the children’s work is valued. Poster and displays should be regularly changed and updated related to the theme or topic being taught as this gives variety. The settings lay out and arrangement contributes to having a positive environment and ensuring the setting is bright and well equipped regarding toys, furniture ect. Laying down the ground rules, making the children familiar with them and are aware of the consequences if they are not followed. Children need boundaries and need to have a clear understanding of what is expected of them. Post the ground rules in the setting and always lean towards positive, rather than negative, re-enforcement of them. Give out stickers and small prizes as rewards for achievement. Be generous with praise and use positive statements to reinforce positive behaviour. Practitioners should be welcoming, happy and friendly to both children and parents. AC1.2: An identification of regulatory requirements that underpin a positive environment for children and young people In September 2008 the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) came into force placing, for the first time, a legal requirement on all early years’ providers to comply with the Government’s learning, development and welfare requirements for 0-5 year-olds. The over-arching aim of the EYFS is to help children achieve the ‘Every Child Matters’ outcomes. These aims, for children and young people aged 0-19, are to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being. EYFS states that the environment plays a key role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning. It also says to observe the child finding out what they can do and their interests. It promotes teaching and learning to ensure children’s ‘school readiness’ and gives children the broad range of knowledge and skills that provide the right foundation for good future progress through school and life. The EYFS also states that being outdoors has a positive impact on childrens sense of well-being and helps all aspects of childrens development. The Childcare Act 2006, Health safety at work act 1974, Care Standards Act 2006 and Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults (where applicable) all have a helping in the regulatory requirements that underpin a positive environment.