Essay about Child Development and the Process of Learning

Before children learn to use language to let their needs and wants be known they first learn to read, understand adult’s behaviour as well as responding through behaviour (Bishop and Baird, 2007). Challenging behaviour contributes to children’s social-emotional development through expressing their feelings and reacting to certain experiences with or without control (Berk, 2006). Early childhood teachers struggle to deal and to help children with challenging behaviour that teachers themselves are searching for answers and solution. Teachers should know about challenging behaviour or do they have enough knowledge to help themselves when facing this situation. Therefore; is disciplining the children the same as positive guidance? This review†¦show more content†¦The two (Neece Baker, 2008; Chiang, 2008) agree that children with special need lack of expressive communication so to gain access to an item and escape demands by using challenging and disruptive behavio ur. These behaviour are most likely to happen during academic or structure activities and seldom at free time (Chiang, 2008). Three articles discuss the factors that influence challenging behaviour such as imitation of language and behaviour of adults, violence and provocative themes, movies, videos, computer games and other media bringing as well as family structures, parents under pressure leading to stress because they overwork or sickness (Kaiser Rasminsky 2003; Flicker Hoffman 2002; Bishop Baird 2007). In addition Bishop Baird (2007) explain the community as â€Å"toxic environment† (p.27) that brings poverty, homeless, violence, sickness to children’s experiences. Similarly Kaiser Rasminsky (2003) talk of cultural influence with aggressive behaviour because of community disorganization, joblessness, racism, and discrimination. Flicker Hoffman (2002) examines the danger of punishment in the early days as having â€Å"harmful effects on the children† e specially the type of punishment with intention to control rather than guiding and that children will get embarrassed, humiliated, building more anger and strengthening aggressive behaviour. In addition others (Kaiser Rasminsky, 2003; Bishop BairdShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family unit as an extension of social and educational progress throughRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Zone Of Proximal Development1522 Words   |  7 PagesProximal Development Under normal circumstances, a child will physically develop without outside assistance. While there can be variations by way of culture, class, and ability, it is difficult to contest that human nature is the driving force behind the bodily changes that take place from birth until adulthood. In contrast, when it comes to determining the ways in which a child thinks and learns, there are numerous theories on what primarily influences cognitive growth and development. One theoristRead MorePlanning in Early Childhood1400 Words   |  6 Pageseach child, and their characteristics. Along with assessment and evaluation, educators are able to understand each child’s development, and make decisions about appropriate activities and experience to offer each child, to help foster their individual development. (Veale, A. and Piscitelli, B. 1988) This essay will discuss the Value of the Observation Process in Planning for early childhood settings, and the role of each teacher in facilitat ing children’s individual learning and development. ObservationRead MoreLearning Theory And Its Impact On Education1364 Words   |  6 PagesLearning is essential in today’s society as education becomes significant as economy advances. How each learns varies, and there are different approaches used for learning. Learning leads to enduring change in a person, and it is quite a dynamic process where the knowledge and skills to the learner are different after the learning. Learning theories as the conceptual frameworks that describe ways in which information gets absorbed, processed as well as retained in a learning process. Getting anRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrectRead MoreLearning Prompted By Language Creates An Optimal Space For Supporting Cognitive Development952 Words   |  4 PagesWithin the ZPD, Vygotsky believes that learning prompted by language creates an optimal space for supporting cognitive development. As a result, learning takes on a social component, and the child can and will benefit from a group environment. Looking at it a step further, the social aspect explains why this learning theory is considered culturally comprehensive. When children take part in a learning activity, they benefit from the instruction and aid of others–be it teachers or peers. In an idealRead MoreFactors that Promote Rapid Language Learning in Children?1406 Words   |  6 Pagesacquisition is a mystery of human beings, it starts before a child is born (DeCasper Spence, 1986). Until today, no artificial intelligence has been created which can learn a language. Healthy newborn children acquire seemingly effortlessly and rapidly the language of any part of the world, independently from the parents native language. In the last decades various theories have emerged which try to explain the language learning process from psychological, linguistic, social, cognitive, anthropologicalRead MoreLearning Disabilities in Children1603 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities 1 Children and Learning Disabilities Child/Adolescent Development PSY3520 South University Online Scott Walker Learning Disabilities 2 Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. HoweverRead MoreCognitive Development Theory Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesA. Cognitive Development Theory In a general sense the theory of cognitive development is not just a single theory but a number of theories offered by a number of cognitive psychologists over the past century. In summary though, cognitive development is the processes by which learning is developed by the construction of thought processes, memory, solving problems, decision-making and covers the life span from childhood to adulthood, but learning does not necessarily stop with adulthood. ThisRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist, born November 17, 1896, who had a wide range of interests that included the cognitive and language development of children. Vygotsky’s theories are somewhat incomplete due to his death at the young age of 38 from tuberculosis. Vygotsky faced many struggles in life that he was able to overcome, such as being a young Jewish boy who grew up in a time where the Russian District limited the number of Jews who were allowed to be educated at a University level

How Technology Has Caused The Democratization Of The Music...

How advances in technology have caused the democratization of the music industry. Imagine you re scrolling through Facebook. You click on a video and like the song that is playing in the background. The comment section links you directly to the band s website. Now, imagine you are driving in your car. You switch on the radio to your favorite radio station and Voilà  : instant access to new, popular music. Maybe you are a rule breaker and you visit torrent sites to illegally download music. Whatever the case, we all listen to music every day. When is the last time you stopped to think about what it took for that music to reach you? Thinking about what a song means or what the artist’s inspiration was is easy, but what about the recording process or distribution? So much goes into the musical process that we don t see. New technology, along with increased internet use, has begun affecting these processes to give you the musical experiences you know and love. We play music to our children their entire lives, sometimes even starting in the womb. As tronomical progress of technology in the 20th century has allowed better access to music, as well as furtherance in music instruction. (Kirk, Hunt). Technology is not only responsible for a change in how we receive music, but also for a change in the music itself. With the growing popularity of digital music, it is no wonder that everyone suddenly wants to be a musician , and now anyone can educate themselves to do so.Show MoreRelatedGlobal Masturbation : It s Time Essay2155 Words   |  9 PagesI]† the award for person of the year. TIME’s choice to do so illustrates its motive to give everyone a sense of fulfillment and belonging. Author Andrew Keen notes that at one time, creating art was an elitist business, but now democratized culture has brought egalitarian aspects to the creation of art, allowing anyone to pursue their artistic interests. He takes a cynical view on our current culture of universal creativity shared through new internet platforms. Democratized culture makes art of allRead MoreInfluence of Western Music in India5719 Words   |  23 Pagescreation, performance, significance and even the definition of music vary according to culture and context. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the di viding lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within the arts, music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art. To many people in many cultures music is an important part of their way of life. By all accountsRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesSPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, globalization has now become a new world order, which virtually influences everything that comes in our mind. Developing countries like Bangladesh with vulnerable geopolitical locations and weak economies are now looking at globalization to strengthen their economy toRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 PagesThroughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receivesRead More The Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran Essay5554 Words   |  23 PagesThe Evolving Nexus between Islam and Iran The nexus between Islam and Iran is a complex one. Islam was brought to Iran via Arab-Islamic conquest in 650 AD and has played a shifting, anomalous role in this nation-state ever since. The ideas of nationalism, secularism, religion, and revolution are unique in this Muslim country. Iranians, unlike many of their neighbors, hold on very strongly to their pre-Islamic roots and achievements; sentiments of nationalism are apparent throughout Iranian historyRead MoreRole of Media in Tourism9761 Words   |  40 Pages   The   Role   of   Media   Communications   in   Developing   Tourism   Policy   and   Cross†Cultural   Communication   for   Peace,   Security   for   Sustainable  Tourism  Industry  in  Africa               Author:  Wilson  Okaka  Ã‚   Lecturer  (Communications  and  Environment  Programmes)   Kyambogo  University  Kampala†(Uganda)   Telephones:  [Office:  256†414†3771775]  Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  [Mobile:  256†078†2588846]   Email:  nupap2000@yahoo.com                  Paper  Presented  at  the  4th  International  Institute  of  Peace  through   Tourism  (IIPT)  African  Conference  on  Peace  through  Tourism  at  Read MoreConsumer Buying Behaviour of Magazines7993 Words   |  32 Pagespersons who made this project successful and possible. I would like to thank Amity Business School, for providing me an opportunity to take this project work and to my guide Dr. Vandana Mathur, under whose supervision and guidance whole of the project has been completed. I would like to thank Ms. Shivi Bhasin as she found me credible enough to work for Outlook (India) Pvt. Ltd. and selected me for a challenging project and guided me throughout the project at each and every step, thus was able to completeRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. 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Huck Finn Essay Summary Example For Students

Huck Finn Essay Summary Dear Mark Twain, After reading your famous novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† I don’t feel that the ending you have created is suitable for the book. Throughout the entire novel, Huck is going to all extremes to help out a friend in need, Jim. As a slave, Jim is grateful for having such an honest and open friend like Huck, but it seems as if when he finds out he was free all along, things change. When Jim and Huck found themselves at the end of their journey, neither had anything left to run from because Huck’s dad was dead and Jim found out that Mrs. Watson freed him when she passed away a few months ago and hoped he would soon be with his family. Because of this ending of your choice, we never find out Huck’s true feelings about helping a run away slave besides what we learned earlier in the book. It seems as if the special bond that Huck and Jim shared was over, each were going their own separate ways and moving on in their lives. I found the ending very disappointing because throughout all the situations that took place in the book, Twain develops Huck as a character growing up and accepting his innate ideas of right and wrong, but we soon find out that Huck hasn’t grown at all. It seems as if Huck and Jim have formed a strong friendship with each other and Huck no longer looks down upon his as a slave, but sees him as an equal individual and a friend. When Huck is re-united with Tom, we find this to be false because he goes back to his old ways in which he was taught through his child hood and refers to Jim as property. Another major disappointment is that Twain ends the novel as he started, with Huck running away from a civilized life style. In the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Watson was trying to civilize Huck so he decided to run away, at the end of the novel he fears that Aunt Sally is going to try and civilize him, so he decides to run west to the enchanted territory. This is an important technique that Twain uses to try and indirectly point blame at anybody, but it is obvious to the reader. Huck does not decide to leave because he thinks that society is rotten, he decides to leave because he thinks that he is the one that is rotten, and cannot be civilized, so he decides to go somewhere far away from civilization. Ironically, it is the corrupting influence of civilization that makes Huck â€Å"uncivilized†. Although I feel that a different ending is much more appropriate, I also realized that the ending of the novel is relevant to the themes and ideas that make up the main body. I do feel that it is too long-winded and a downfall to such a great novel, but it is very important in reinforcing the message put forth in the rest of the novel; the greatest of which is the shortcomings of modern society and the hypocrisy and arrogance, and even the stupidity of people of Twain’s time. Aside from the ending as a downfall, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn taught an important lesson, one that showed the importance of the self in the maturing process. We saw Huck grow up by having the river as a place of solitude and thought, where he was able to participate in society at times, and also sit back and observe society. Through the child’s eye we see how ignorant and mob-like we can all be. Then nature, peace, and logic are presented in the form of the river where Huck goes to think. Though no concise answer is given, the literature forces the reader to examine their surroundings, and question their leaders, which can also lead into this great disappointment. .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .postImageUrl , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:hover , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:visited , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:active { border:0!important; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:active , .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426 .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf356d00e19d2f6d46d77f478e177426:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm - Elements of Literature EssayBecause we idolize Huck for his individualism and beliefs, the end of the novel lets all the readers down. We can no longer refer to Huck as a hero because he never got Jim to freedom, instead prevented him from it. Although Huck loved Jim, he feared his future and what would happen to him if he were caught helping a run-away slave. Because of his fear, Huck forces himself to keep Jim from freedom by holding him back and keeping the one thing he always dreamed of from him. If I were to re-write the ending of the novel, I would have Jim and Huck escape from Mr. Phelps without the help of Tom Sawyer. Not only would they escape together, but also Huck would reach his final goal and set Jim free, but they would remain together. Because of the time the novel was written, we know that slaves were inferior to all men no matter who they were, but that’s what makes Huck different from people of his society, skin color doesn’t matter, it’s the quality that the person possess’. Because they have spent so much time together and have become the best of friends, Jim should become the father figure in Huck’s life. Although Jim has a family of his own that he is hoping to find, at heart, Huck was the closest thing to family he had. Throughout the journey they became inseparable and it only seems right if they end up as a family and share happiness like they have been for the past few months. Despite all the negative views of Huck, he is generally a good guy, and tries his best not to mess up. Using Tom Sawyer as his model for the ideal good guy occasionally gets him into trouble, but more often than not, Huck does the right thing. The main thing he has to overcome in the novel is his immense fear of turning out to be a â€Å"bad seed† like his father, and of going to Hell for trying to help Jim out. That was really not his fault, considering the common attitude towards slaves, and Blacks in general, when this book was written. However, if you look past all that, you can really see what a good heart he had, and how he dealt with his problems throughout the book as best as he possibly could, considering his lack of good, responsible role models and good education. He applied what little knowledge he had well, and managed to help several people, including himself, along his journey down the river. One idea that I found very interesting was that Huck and Jim were two completely different people running in the same direction in the beginning, and at the end they become the closest of friends, but when we soon learn that it seems as if all has faded away and the journey was useless. It comes across to the reader that both Huck and Jim were on the raft together for one reason and that would be to escape civilization. That would be the original idea but because of their bond that’s not the intent of the book. Huck and Jim both had one thing that held them together and that was the goodness at heart, not only did Huck go against everything he was taught, but he didn’t have a problem doing it and by you ending the book in such a way just seems like everything that happened doesn’t matter and an incredible journey traveled by two amazing individuals doesn’t matter in the end. It just seems like Huck gave up on everything he worked so hard for and not only let himself down, but his best friend and companion Jim also.

Effect of Training on Employee Performance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Training on Employee Performance. Answer: Introduction This is a research which portrays the impact of the performance management system on the performance of the employees in the organization named Starbucks. Performance management is a tool of polishing the capacity of the human resources which will help in the development of the performance of the workforce in an organization. The managers in the modern era are trying to find new ways of performance management to motivate the employees so that they can make improvements in their respective performance (Shields et al. 2015). The workforce is a key indicator of the performance of an organization and can provide competitive advantage to the organization. This study will deal with the case of Starbucks, Honk Kong which will critically analyse the performance management techniques in the organization to identify its impact on performance of the employees. The following report is based on the investigation of the impact of employee performance system on employee performance. Performance man agement system is one of the significant approaches falling under the human resource management. In order to motivate and enhance the performance of the employees, the organization must fulfil the needs and demands of the employees. It is certain that effective performance management system contribute to the organizational productivity. This is because the employees find motivation in such practices. However, it is significant to learn the efficiency of such practices as not all organizations implement such method to motivate employees and gain productivity. Thus, to learn the impact, the present report considers the organization Starbucks, Hong Kong. The report presents the type of methods that will be used in the proposed study. To evaluate the impact of performance management on employee performance To critically analyze the significance of performance management on organizational performances To recommend suitable performance strategies for Starbucks, Honk Kong What is the impact of performance management strategies on employee performance? What is the significance of performance management on employee performance? H0 Performance management has no impact on the employee performance of Starbucks, Honk Kong H1 Performance management has impact on the employee performance of Starbucks, Honk Kong Problem definition Starbucks have always been focused on the development of their employees so that they can provide their consumers with the best possible experience. Therefore, the organization introduced training programs where the employees are provided with the knowledge about the various subjects such as the different types of coffees and how to communicate with the consumers in an effective manner (Jenter and Kanaan 2015). However, recently it has been seen the sales of the organization have decreased significantly due to hike in the price of the products offered. This study will try to identify the causes related to performance management which has affected the overall performance of the organization. Performance management is a tool which is being used by the managers in the organization to evaluate and develop the performance of the employees in the organization. The evaluation part will include performance appraisal of the employees, retention, promotion and termination of the employees. The development part will include the identification of the needs of the employees such as the training and the development needs, identification weaknesses and strength, feedback on the performance of the employees and provide guidance for the improvement of the employees (Anitha 2014). The organization are shifting their focus to the performance of their workforce as it is one of the most important part of the organization. The ability of the workforce of an organization will determine whether they will be gain competitive advantage in the market. Thus, the wellbeing and growth of the organization is dependent on the performance of the workforce in the organization. Employee appraisal is one of the common tools of performance management which has been sued by the organization to monitor the performance of the employees. The appraisal system will identify the present performance of the employees and how they can make improvements in their performance. The productivity of an organization is partially dependent on the workforce so it essential for the managers in the organization to make sure that they regularly monitor the performance of the employees so that they can help the employees to make continuous improvements in the field of expertise. As stated by Elnaga and Imran (2013), it is essential for the organization to make sure to keep a two-way communication channel which will help to communicate the goals of the organization with that of the employees. This will help the employees to align their goals with that of the organization. However, according to Judge et al. (2013), the employees will have to keep faith in the processes and evaluation system follwo9ed by the organization so they can grow. When the employees lose their trust on the evaluation basis of the organization then it will hamper the growth of the workforce in the organization. It has been seen that in order to maintain a professional allied behaviour the organization will have to monitor the performance of the employees. The various methods that has been used in the performance appraisal management are the ways of motivating the employees in the organization. The second most important factor in the performance management is motivation of employees. Motivation is a factor which will drive the employees to make sure that they are able to achieve their goals in the organization. The appraisal system will definitely have a strong impact on the performance level of the employees. The employees in the organization are provide with a lot of benefits in the appraisal performance which will help to motivate to work at their full potential. Innovation is the key to competitive advantage in the market and so most of the companies in the market are making use of innovation in the human resource practices of the organization so they are able to make improvements in the business model of the organization. These innovative processes are aimed at generating more amount of motivation within the employees in the market. This market is growing at a rapid rate where the organizations are more concerned about the employees and the human resource practices in the organization. According to Landy, Zedeck and Cleveland (2017), the learning aptitude of the employees, innovation, environment of the workforce and management are crucial factors in the performance of the employees. Motivation is one of the key factors is increasing the productivity of the organization. Thus, motivation plays an important role in harmonizing the performance of the employees with that of the organization. Performance consist of these crucial factors which will be the integral part of the managing the workforce of the organization. Starbucks is a n organization who is known for the exclusive services they provide to their consumer in the market. The products and services offered by the organization is always dependent on the workforce of the organization. The workforce has been involved in a lot of training and development process which has enabled them to provide a better experience to the consumers in the market. The organization have been facing problems in maintaining the social values and cultures in the organization in various countries because they are unable to understand the national culture in the organization (Hernandez et al.2016). This shows that innovation is the key to gaining competitive advantage and the organization will have to make sure that they are able to make use innovative ideas in the human resource management. In the service industry it is difficult to reproduce the service provided by the employees so it is essential provide the employees with continuous training so that they grow an d provide better service to the customers. The organization is facing problems in the Asian countries as they are unable to access the type of organizational culture that is required in the consumers. Thus, the revenue of the organization is declining and the organization is facing problems in making the changes in to the human resource practices. Thus, from the literature review of the organization it can be seen that performance management is the key to improving the performance of the employees. Research methodology The research methodology is one of the most important part in the development of the project. This chapter of the study successfully represents the various methods, research approaches and designs. The result of the research is dependent on the choice of methodology for research and carries a lot of implication in the study. The identification of the research method is imperative but the execution and proper accomplishment of the techniques have equal importance. When the current study is concerned, the selection of the each of the methods has been justified. The positives and the negatives associated with all the techniques have also been discussed. According to Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015, the methodology framework consists of fixed set of assumptions in the model which are used to conduct the research. The most appropriate and relevant objective of the research is the methodology and moreover, the methodology should be as such that it can used to reproduce the methods and sue it in other research studies of similar types. Research philosophy of the project is positivism. Positivism is the kind of philosophy which will help in the identifying the hidden truth from the all the facts of the research. The scope of observation for the descriptive study is improved with the help of this research philosophy. This philosophy of the research will facilitate in the testing of the hypothesis which in turn will help in validating in the existing theories. The approach of the research that has been chosen for the study is deductive in nature. The deductive approach will help in validating the existing theories and inductive approach has been rejected because it helps in generalization and creating new theories (Silverman 2016). Thus, in the current field of the study deductive approach has been selected for validating the existing theories in the market. The data collection method for the study will be primary which will include mixed method. The mixed method will i nclude qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The quantitative analysis will include close ended questions to the employees of the organization which will help to gain their perspective. The qualitative analysis of the data will consist of open ended questions and will be asked to the higher level of employees. The ethical aspect for the research has to be maintained and all the confidentiality of the data has to be maintained. It will be made sure that the reliability and validity of the data has been maintained as it will help to reproduce similar kind of data for other similar projects (Panneerselvam 2014). It is expected that the research will provide an expected outcome, as all relevant and appropriate methods will be applied to the study. It is expected that the survey will provide the fats that performance management system is effective for the employees if is implemented appropriately. The findings might also indicate the facts that improper or biased appraisal system could increase the level of dissatisfaction among the employees. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the proposed will provide a relevant and authentic outcome because the study includes primary data. The analysis will be conducted considering the primary data. In addition to this, the implementation of the study will also help to learn the present trends and facts related to the performance management system. The study will also help to know how technology is being implemented in the performance management system to make the method more effective and transparent. Reference Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Jenter, D. and Kanaan, F., 2015. CEO turnover and relative performance evaluation.The Journal of Finance,70(5), pp.2155-2184. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A., 2013. The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), pp.137-147. Judge, T.A., Rodell, J.B., Klinger, R.L., Simon, L.S. and Crawford, E.R., 2013. Hierarchical representations of the five-factor model of personality in predicting job performance: integrating three organizing frameworks with two theoretical perspectives. Landy, F., Zedeck, S. and Cleveland, J. eds., 2017.Performance measurement and theory. Taylor Francis. Hernandez, M., Avery, D.R., Tonidandel, S., Hebl, M.R., Smith, A.N. and McKay, P.F., 2016. The role of proximal social contexts: Assessing stigma-by-association effects on leader appraisals.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(1), p.68. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

The Hunter Trials Essay Example

The Hunter Trials Paper Hunter Trials is a humorous poem written by renowned author John Betjemen. The poem captures the thoughts and feelings of a young girl who is competing in a gymkhana. The overall structure and vocabulary of the poem is uncomplicated and therefore adds interest and comedy to the text. The poem contains eight verses, each of which contain four lines. There is an apparent rhyming scheme of lines two and four, and one and three. The poem is in first person and allows the writer to portray his ideas more clearly. During the poem, John Betjemen stereotypes posh people and reflects on their accents and way of speech such as: Do, lend her some bits, Mummy, do. This therefore ties in with the subject and makes the poem humorous. The writer also includes several bizarre and unusual names such as Geyser and Blewitt These names are positioned at the end of the lines and makes the poem more humorous. As well as that, the last verse finishes off the poem well. The sentence: And my silly old collar bones bust Represents the spoiled child that John tried to capture throughout this poem. Yet the main factor that contributes to the comedy of the poem is the sequence of the events. For instance, the idea of fishing down the horses throat with a spanner is in itself amusing. Overall, the poem uses several techniques and use of words to portray the bright and amusing side of a gymkhana. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunter Trials specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Poverty in the Developing Economies

Poverty in the Developing Economies The main causes of poverty in developing countries and policy measures to reduce such poverty.1.0 IntroductionPoverty has been described as the worst enemy of the human race but then, it is still very much existing in the developing economies in chronic and dire measures. According to IFAD (2001) nearly 1 billion people are impoverished and are denied access to basic needs of life. Therefore, there is need for urgent and combined action to fight poverty. In spite of this fact, poverty has continued to threaten the human race in the developing economies by encouraging diseases, malnutrition including health problems. For this reason, it is imperative to understand what the underlying factors that contribute to poverty in the developing economies are. With this in mind, this essay is divided into two sections following the present section. The first one explores and discusses the causes of poverty in the developing economies while the second proposes policy actions and measures that ca n be adopted by policy makers in the developing economies.POVERTYThe last section concludes this essay based on the highlights and main ideas of the ideas explored in section 2.2.0 The Underlying Causes of Poverty in Developing EconomiesThere are prominent scores of empirical research on the causes and consequences of poverty in the developing economies but surprisingly only a small number agree on its main causes. Some past researchers have identified the causes of poverty as those incessant wars and conflicts which characterises many developing economies as in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Others have used the socialistic and political nature of third world countries to justify its root and cause of poverty. Several other researchers have explained the political manoeuvrings of the west as the root causes of poverty in the developing economies in what they describe...

Operators of southampton port ABP Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operators of southampton port ABP - Lab Report Example (Atkins, August 2011)Southampton port also handles a wide variety of dry bulk like cement, fertiliser, wheat and glass with around 1.7 million tonnes being transported in 2009. UK which is dependent on oil imports receives a large chunk of oil through the Esso and BP oil terminals at Fawley and Hamble. Although these are located close to the Southampton port, it does not fall under the ABP jurisdiction. Estimates suggest that around 28 million tonnes of oil products is handled every year. (Atkins, August 2011)The Port of Southampton has therefore become an important player in the government’s scheme of things not only because it generates such large revenues but also because it generates significant avenues for employment thus boosting the social sector. The Marchwood Sea Mounting is a Defence facility located in proximity to the Southampton port having both road and rail connectivity. (Atkins, August 2011)Apart from this it also has a significant draught of around 15m which is quite capable of handling cargo and container ships. To sustain the growth of the Southampton port one would need to expand its area of operations and this defence facility c ould provide an ideal foil for its expansion. There is however a host of factors that affects the setting up of a vehicle or container terminal. Converting a defence port that would handle limited amount of cargo and transport into a container terminal would require a significant amount of initial capital investment and one would need to study the pros and cons to ascertain the economic viability of this venture. Some of these external factors are as follows 1. With the increase in competition among hub ports and the tendency of carriers to introduce large vessels of the range of 8000 TEU, it has become essential for ports to expand its wharf capacity to cater to these ships. Malacca-Max range of ships of capacity 18000 TEU and large container ships (ULCS) of capacity 12500 TEU would

Sport Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport Training - Essay Example However, when lactate production is excessive, it accumulates in the muscles and the blood. Meanwhile, if the glycogen stores of the muscles and blood decrease, the exercises slow down and when the aerobic procedures undertaken are not sufficient, the exercise can not be maintained (Astrand & Rodahl, 1987; Fox, Bowers, & Fos, 1988; Weineck, 1986). Lactat is accumulated in the organism after all kinds of muscle exercise having maximal and supramaximal workload. It can even be observed within ten minutes workload (Jacops et al, 1983). The measurements of lactate in the muscle and blood are being done to determine these processes. Lactate measurements during exercise yield information on the intensity of the workload and on its duration. The measurements carried out after the exercise yield information on the frequency of workload and on its scope, that is, on resting-recovery process (Bueno, 1990). Babij found that, after an exercise of 10 minutes where maximal oxygen consumption rate was 50%, there was no accumulation of venous blood, and that, after the same exercise where oxygen consumption rate was 76%, lactate of the venous blood increased up to 5 minutes and then started to decline (Babij et al, 1983). The number of infantile and juvenile competitions has significantly increased over the past two decades (Bar-Or O. 1996; Colantonio et al, 1997; Kemper, 1995; Matveev, 1996), which has favored world records to be broken by 14-year old athletes. One knows well metabolic and functional responses to exercises in adults, whether normal or with impairments (Del et al, 1985; Negrao et al, 1998) but there are many issues that are yet to be solved regarding physical training of children and adolescents (Bar-Or O, 1996). Aerobic fitness is instrumental for children and adolescents, not only for healthfulness8, but also for the practice of a number of sports (McArdle et al, 1996). Human capability of performing mid and long-duration exercises chiefly depends on aerobic metabolism. Thus, one of the main indices used to assess this condition is the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), known as aerobic power (Denadai BS, 1995; Kiss MAPDM, 2000). According to literature, in maximum exertion tests, swimmers (S) and water polo players (WP) typically present VO2max values close to 69.012 and 55.513 (ml.kg-1.min-1), respectively. In judo practitioners, it has been observed, from four consecutive Wingate test bouts for upper limbs that oxygen uptake (VO2) in the first bout was lower than that in the second, but there were no differences from the later in the third and fourth bouts, showing a tendency to stabilization. For swimming and water polo, when comparing two consecutive Wingate test bouts for upper (ARMS) and lower limbs (LEGS), and specific tests at the pool, there was good correlation only for ARMS (r = 0.85, p In spite of evidences about mean VO2max values at exercises in which aerobic metabolism prevail, it is interesting to observe its behavior in exercises in which anaerobic metabolism prevail. VO2max may be defined as the highest oxygen (O2) uptake accomplished by an individual breathing air at sea level (Astrand PO, 1952). This variable is one of the main items examined in endurance studies, in spite of the use of the expression oxygen peak uptake (VO2peak) to describe O2 uptake values from any

Installation of CCTV in McDonalds Fast Food Chains in UK Essay

Installation of CCTV in McDonalds Fast Food Chains in UK - Essay Example Having established more than 30,000 fast food restaurants all over 121 countries around the world (BBC News, 2001), McDonald’s is considered as one of the largest global foodservice retailers today. Since the era of globalization, there are quite a lot of McDonald’s restaurants all over the world that operates 24/7. For this reason, McDonald’s restaurant has become one of the common places wherein criminal activities can take place. Serving almost 50 million customers each day, Andy Lane – McDonald’s region security manager created the urgency for the need to invest on the installation of closed circuit television system (CCTV) in each of the company-owned restaurants (Dallmeier, 2009). Right after convincing the top management that the use of digital video recorders could effectively protect their staff and customers from becoming a victim of crime, Dallmeier was again awarded the contract to install digital CCTV specifically within the southern regions of the United Kingdom. (Sims, 2008). Making it known to the public that McDonald’s is using a digital CCTV that are directed straight to nearby police stations could somehow make people think twice before committing a crime. As of 2011, McDonald’s managed to establish approximately 1,000 fast food restaurant outlets throughout the northern, central, and southern regions of the United Kingdom (Fujitsu, 2011; Sims, 2008). As reported b y Sims (2008), approximately 400 McDonald’s restaurants were established in the southern region. Specifically the business relationship between Dallmeier and McDonalds was established way back in 1999. Back then, Dallmeier was able to win the contract for the installation of analogue products in each of McDonalds’ restaurants in southern area (Sims, 2008). Basically, the shift from the use of analogue products to digital products such as digital CCTV was necessary to allow McDonalds gather some digital images which can be use for legal purposes. The study of project management strongly suggests the idea that having a clear planning process could empower the project managers to effectively manage and implement a successful project plan. Considering the importance of installing digital CCTV in each of McDonald’s fast food store outlet throughout the southern part of the United Kingdom, this report will tackle in details rationale behind the need on the part of Dal lmeier’s project manager to make use of a SMART metric, power and influence graph, risk exposure, activity network, three-point estimate, and project cash flow over the success of installing CCTV to approximately 400 fast food restaurants in the southern part of the UK market. A SMART Matrix The acronym SMART in a SMART goal matrix means that the project manager of Dallmeier should be able to come up with a project plan that is specific, has a measurable time table or schedule, is very much attainable, realistic and relevant to the installation of digital CCTV, and is within the proposed time bound (Kerzner, 2009: 296). In other words, given that the project manager of Dallmeier would come up with a non-specific and unrealistic project plan, the team members that is being headed by the Dallmeier’s project manager may end up being confused about what they really need to complete within a given project schedule. Coming up with a non-effective project plan may lead to a l ong-list of installation errors. As a result, there is a huge possibility wherein the cost of installing digital CCTV throughout the 400 McDonalds restaurant outlets throughout the southern part of UK may increase. This is probably due to a lot of unnecessary expenses which includes the installation of a wrong model of digital CCTV in a wrong spot. When this happen, the company may end up spending extra not only for the salary or wages of the team

The Political Regime Types In China Politics Essay

The Political Regime Types In China Politics Essay Political regime is emphasizes for foreign direct investment for foreign governments to either induce or promote consolidation(Toke, S.2011) regime is set of structure as a form of government or state system that make up a state which create a specific rule within a political system(wisegeek.com). A regimes is made by the country to protect the country interest in daily life activities, each of country is having a different set of political rules likewise the world dominant business centre United States and China that have a significant future potential for continue growth (Gomez, M.2007). Difference in political ideologies, history and culture background in a country determines how an overseas investor should prepare a strategy to entering their destination country, each country has a different regime to take into account. A legal rules relating on how the business should run such as investment, taxation , employee rights, is depend on the government as the representative of the cit izen who are need to take control on increase or decrease of their standard of living. This essay will compare a difference in political regime in China as a communist government (Wall, Stuart. 2010) and United States as a country that growing a liberal attitude (Currant, Giorel.2010). Where the regime is become the base of all activities run in the country, foreign business creator is need to understand in order to be success and did not involve in any constraints in the destination country. China have been live in a communism since its first chairman and founder of peoples republic of china Mao success in implement a successful economy growth in communist rule (Shapiro, Ellen.2010).Communism ideology is highly cautious, intensively bureaucratic and concerned first and foremost with self-reservation ,which Communist officials are known as cadres(factanddetail.com) The Communist Party has made economic growth and nationalism from the basis for its legitimacy during began an effort to put to rights the obvious contradictions between the Marxist ideology (factanddetail.com), where in this states a equality of status is being forced and those who initiate to oppose will have a consequences in legal way. As the only legal party in China, during 1979 Communism Party has enter the government portion and owned a significant size of state-own enterprises that domain all resources allocation, decision making and personnel management that determine prices and calculate their return based on forecast and granting a loans when a bankruptcy is occurs, (Lasserre,P. 1999) throughout its domination ,communism party is relied on police and military that have not changed until now. Only those who are in a high status of the party involve in making decision, the Communist Party has maintain their influence by providing a help for those who need, especially in rural area such as farmer that is freed from taxes. According to Jim Yardley in New York Times, economic and social change is so rapid in China that the communist party is sometimes describes as an overwhelmed caretaker, yet threats any potential opposition in order to hold their political power. As time goes in 2004 Zeng Qinghong, a highly regarded political fixer said that the power of the party does not last as long as the party does, he pursue to reform in the face of pressures such as liberalization, globalization and stagnation in the party (factanddetail.com).Communism have become ideology in China and exi sts today that have changed prosperity and better life to Chinese. On October 2007 on the Communists Party 17th National Congress the new leadership Hu jin tao elect a new member of 204 committee which 105 members are newly elected, and many of those come from the Communist Party Youth League (Ewing,K. 2007). These days a communism has not control every aspects such as individual problem like it has before, the Chinese Communist Party has always control the country in behind cloak of nationalism to defend them from western influence. Futile action from the urban middle class to have more political freedom do have a prohibitively high cost of failure, over the last three decades the party have shown the economic reform without changing their ideology likewise other neighbours country, the idea that china would become a democracy is just a western notion (McGregor,  R.2011).China as a multinationals country who rely on their history has sure will stand as their an previous leader do ne. Liberalism is defined as a believer in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all, and the needs of government to solve a problem (studentnewsdaily.com). Different with China who have ideology where everyone will have the same equality in status, in United States who has more power will have a higher status in the society. From the history US have lead by communist leader Lincoln (Weiner.L.2011), and become a liberal country that have all of freedom, including market freedoms, responsibility where conservatives would not be so upright in people ideology( Rourke ,  P.2011,  January).Despite on legal system in united states, people have been live in a liberal life, each individual is provided with the means of the basis of their individual talent and initiative (Ryan,N.et all . 2003).Personal effort that someone attempt to do in order to achieve a higher status make them become a rival in term of achieve personal expectation. Different in amount that someon e earn may be different as a reflect the benefit from different individual hard work and skill (Heywood,pp.230-35).The government will reserve what the community needs but not directly control all the step as long as it is done it right thing. (Hoekema,  D.2010) Moore defined individual rights are essential defence against the states false claims of supremacy. Always look for a better life and working hard for it, is a western typical of people, doing everything that they can as a reflection of freedom that the country give them , where a country also have a legal movement to stop their activities if its not appropriate. As the political regime in each country is different, a foreign investor has to be able to consider how they act in order to synchronize their origin country politic and their destination country. A free market is release in US where in China a free market is not fully applied, where there is government intervention whether it is direct or indirect. China did embrace a free market but which are straining to retain control of the political sphere.(Lassarre,P.1999) When a foreign country wan to open or assign in joint venture in China a western is in a problematic situation where a polititicied issue and freedom is restricted, make it a relationship with the authority is a key term for the foreign investor to be success in China (Lassarre,P.1999). As communism rule everything China is centralise their local industry to be in the top priority, whether if there are is highly potential business who may take the top position in each industry, government will try to make it hard for them to not interfere local business. Intellectual property right in a free market such as patent right is valid in US especially in medical technology such as biotechnology other kind of gen is patentable(Wall, S.2010).Where in China for such industries the tax rate in increased at a state set prices, a limitation for a foreign access to tens of billions of dollars in contract for technology needed for the businesses(Browne, A.2010).In different aspect of technology China has been one of largest offshore in IT work (Friedman, 2005), where US is well-known as a high tech country such as Apple.inc. Other aspect is educational status between both country many well known university such as Harvard, Oxford have been the top universities in the world, a high skill employment compare with Chinese.(Gomez,M.2007) .Other factors such as difficulties of language is also important as not much Chinese cant speak English as international language or other language properly. In conclusion a liberal regime is give a wider opportunity rather than communism ideology which did not give so much freedom of opportunity to be success. A medical industry that needs a lot of capital in technology, money, and knowledge is as basic necessity and US have proof to be a right country to start the business with. Bigger chance to collect resources needed, success in creating an invention, many high skill labours, availability for a intellectual property right in free market and a freedom which really exist. Compare with Chinese that may be more advanced in next few years but still there is no guarantee that Chinese government will help other than their local company to lead any industry in their own country, unless being part of them , which is a hard thing to do when someone who is new have nothing to offer for them .

Nuclear Power - A Short History Essay -- Nuclear Energy Breeder Fissio

Nuclear Power - A Short History Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nuclei of (normally) very heavy or unstable elements (normally heavier than iron), resulting in a release of large amounts of energy as well as the unstable, radioactive isotopes of lighter elements, as well as any logical number of neutrons. For uranium 235, the most abundant usable fuel present in nature, the number of neutrons released is about 2.4 per atom, and the energy released is about 215 MeV per atom (Example, nd), or about 215 MeV * 6.02*10^23 235U * 1000 g * joule 235U 1 * g * Kg * MeV * 1.602*10-13 = 8.05*10^15 joule or 8.05 petajoule per kilogram of uranium 235 However, uranium is not found in natural concentrations of more than 0.7% of any given amount of uranium; in order to efficiently obtain energy from uranium, one must "enrich" the uranium, or concentrate the usable isotopes (Uranium, nd). Leo Szilard, a Hungarian scientist who had recently escaped Berlin for London, first entertained the idea of a chain-reaction of radioactive isotopes in 1933 (Szilà ¡rd, 2006); he patented his idea in 1936 in the U.K., and shared a patent with Enrico Fermi in the United States. Later, Otto Hahn and Fritz Stressmann, along with Lise Mietner and her nephew Otto Frisch, discovered fission when Hahn and Stressmann bombarded uranium with neutrons, resulting in the emission of a few smaller atoms in addition to neutrons and energy; Mietner and Frisch interpreted the resulting energy and atoms as being the results of fission of the uranium atoms' nuclei ("History," Georgia State University, nd); this fission resulted in huge amounts of energy per reaction (on the order of 200 mega electron-volts per atom of uranium 235). In 1942 and after deciding that ura... ...n the Accident at Three Mile Island. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/ doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html Nuclear Tourist. (2005, December 19) Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.nucleartourist.com/type/pwr.htm Wikipedia. (2006, August) Chicago Pile 1. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from Nuclear Energy 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Pile_1 Wikipedia. (2006, August) Leà ³ Szilà ¡rd. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd Wikipedia. (2006, August) Magnox. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnox Wikipedia. (2006, August) Nuclear Power. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power Wikipedia. (2006, August) Nuclear Fission. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

According to Seamus Deane Essay

According to Seamus Deane, Translations is a play about â€Å"the tragedy of English Imperialism†. How far would you agree with this statement in relation to both Translations and Heart of Darkness? INTRO Although the location, language and structure of Brian Friel’s Translations differs unmistakably from that of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the topic of colonisation remains central to both. While the supposed sophistication of ‘civilised’ colonists is deconstructed in Conrad’s novella to reveal man’s common ‘darkness’, Friel’s play deals with the ways in which the consciousness of an entire culture is fractured by the transcription of one landscape (Gaelic, classical and traditional) for another (Anglo-Saxon, progressive and Imperialistic). 1 Friel uses the apparently passive plotting of an Ordnance Survey map to emphasise the loss of indigenous Irish tradition, social history and heritage felt by the natives of County Donegal in Ireland. The translation of the place-names automatically eliminates the secrets buried within the original name; it distorts rather than restores the ontological nature of the place-name. Friel uses Owen to expose the Imperialist outlook on ‘standardisation’ during his battle with Yolland over â€Å"Tobair Vree†: He begins a long discourse on how Tobair Vree came to acquire its name, identifying a well that once existed nearby and has long since dried up, with â€Å"Vree† an erosion of the Irish â€Å"Brian†. He then asks Yolland: â€Å"do we keep piety with a man long dead, long forgotten, his name eroded beyond recognition, whose trivial little story nobody in the parish remembers? † Even as he attempts to demonstrate the invalidity of ‘Tobair Vree’ as rightful place-name through its seemingly illogical associations, Owen contradicts his own argument. The reality that Owen himself remembers the tale behind the name reinstates the fact that as insignificant as this narrative may be to him, it remains the carrier of history and memories, both public and private. The name not only retells the anecdote which defined ‘Brian’s Well’, but also evokes Owen’s memories of his grandfather. The Irish place-names had developed into historical, cultural and social storehouses through their varied associations and values. The reduction of such ontological knowledge to an epistemological referent through colonial dispossession therefore reduces identity in â€Å"an eviction of sorts†. 2 The destructive force of English Imperialism is echoed in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and is revealed to us through Marlow’s portrayal of the Africans he encounters and the treatment they are subject to. Forced to work under the conditions of European mechanical labour, the natives acquired expressions of the â€Å"deathlike indifference of unhappy savages† as they became reduced to â€Å"nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation†. The â€Å"civilised† colonists place the â€Å"savages† in chain gangs, enslaving them; eliminating their identities and breaking their spirit as a people. Throughout the entire novel we, the reader do not learn a single of the Africans’ names. They are collectively labelled â€Å"niggers†, â€Å"creatures†, â€Å"rebels†, â€Å"savages†, â€Å"enemies†, â€Å"ants† and â€Å"criminals† by the colonisers. Even the individual natives Marlow speaks of remain unnamed, distant and alien. This is exposed through the portrayal of the helmsman; although Marlow shared with him â€Å"a kind of partnership†, he is nevertheless reduced and objectified as merely â€Å"an instrument†. Conrad discloses the dying identity of the Congo’s indigenous inhabitants through Marlow’s initial observation of the â€Å"blind, white flicker †¦ which died out slowly† in their â€Å"enormous and vacant† eyes. 3 Friel illustrates Imperialism’s effect on identity unequivocally in his play through the function of Sarah. â€Å"My name is Sarah†. Unable to speak her own name previously, Sarah’s identity finally emerges and begins to flower. Language is demonstrated to be the key to memory; identity is formulated through language. Through Sarah’s speech, a hidden landscape of consciousness has been unlocked by Manus, ready to be explored. Sarah’s name is crucial in her self-definition and identity, just as with the names of places; her name encapsulates not only an identity, but also an origin and a lineage. Sarah blurts out â€Å"Sarah Johnny Sally† to Owen when asked her name, thus providing not only her Christian name but in addition those of her parents. Owen does not hesitate to reply â€Å"Of course! From Bun na hAbhann! † and complete this marker of the clan. He responds furthermore with his own identity, parentage and place of origin: â€Å"I’m Owen – Owen Hugh Mor. From Baile Beag. † Irish names in Translations quickly become linked not only with identification of an entity, but also with the narrative history associated with that identity through lineage and society. While Friel insists that â€Å"the play is about language and only language†, the fact that Sarah is silenced again by the colonisers could represent the suppressive and inconsiderate treatment imposed on the Irish people by the English Imperialists, denying them their freedom of expression and thus their right to an identity. 4 Conrad mirrors Sarah’s silence and consequent absence of identity in Heart of Darkness through his creation of Kurtz’s mistress who although described as â€Å"superb, wild-eyed and magnificent† in â€Å"her deliberate progress†, reveals the suffering she has endured under colonial domination through her visibly â€Å"wild sorrow† and â€Å"fear of some struggling, half-shaped resolve†. Her â€Å"formidable silence† contrasts wholly with Kurtz’s â€Å"ability to talk†. As a musician, politician, poet and humanitarian his â€Å"inextinguishable gift of noble and lofty expression† is equated with political power, thus giving Kurtz â€Å"a sense of real presence† which is evidently lacking amongst the native Africans who have become disassociated from their past, their origins and their control over the future. Their only capability in expressing themselves is through their appearance of â€Å"dumb pain†. Exactly like Friel’s natives, the original inhabitants of the Congo are â€Å"imprisoned in a linguistic contour which no longer matches the landscape of†¦ fact†.

Biographical Essay on Kate Chopin essays

Biographical Essay on Kate Chopin essays Kate Chopin, born Katherine O'Flaherty, grew up in a prominent family on February 8, 1850. Her father, Thomas O'Flaherty, was an immigrant from Ireland who was a merchant. Her mother, Eliza Faris O'Flaherty, was from one of the oldest aristocratic Creole families in the St. Louis area. Kate attended the Academy of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis. During this time, Tonette Inge states that Chopin was "exposed to Catholic teachings and a French educational emphasis upon intellectual discipline" (Inge). Her early interests in reading and writing would benefit her later in life. Inge notes that while Chopin appeared to be a social belle on the surface, her writing suggests that she devoted a great deal of time contemplating Chopin married Oscar Chopin in June of 1870. He was from a French- Creole family and operated a cotton plantation. On her honeymoon, she met Victoria Claflin and Victoria Woodhull, two women who would influence her writing. In fact, Inge reports that Woodhull, with a reputation of being a "radical-feminist publisher, stockbroker, spiritualist, and future nominee for president" (Inge), advised Chopin " not to fall into the useless degrading life of most married ladies'" (Inge). This advice is something that Chopin certainly took to heart after events in her life left her alone to provide for her six children, Jean, Oscar, George, Frederick, Felix, and Lelia. Chopin was married for six years, of which while she devoted her family and household, she still managed to reconcile the needs of her own being with the expectations of her conventional milieu. She dressed unconventionally and smoked cigarettes long before smoking was an approved practice among women in her class. (Inge) Interestingly, Chopin was not a feminist in the way that the word is perceived today. Seyersted writes that she never joined women's rights organizati...

Essay 2 1984 Final Draft

Essay 2 1984 Final Draft Essay 2 1984 Final Draft Kelly Hall Professor Walter English 210 10 November 2014 The Dangers of Totalitarianism In George Orwell’s Ninteen Eighty-Four, all the citizens of Oceania live under the rule of a totalitarianistic government who is in complete control of their thoughts and actions. In this novel George Orwell tells a fictional story of a totalitiarinistic society, where the citizens of Oceania are under the complete control of the Party, and continually manipulated to know and do only what Big Brother wishes them to. In a study performed by Lupia and Menning it was concluded that â€Å"Fear affects politics† (103). Fear and power have been proven to be powerful tools of manipulation in any society; George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, demonstrates this claim with many striking similarities to another infamous totalitarian government under the rule of Nazi Germany in 1933. Through the close analysis of the novel’s protagonist, Winston, the reader is able to see how Orwell projects his thoughts and views to remind readers just how dangerous totalitariani sm is. These dangers include lack of individualism and freedom as well as lack of societal development and economic progress. Lastly, totalitarianism in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four causes most of society to live in poverty. â€Å"Totalitarian government is government by a dictator, operating through and with a single political party which comprises a minority, usually a small minority of the nation, but which is more or less hand-picked severely disciplined, and equipped with a monopoly of the means of influencing public opinion and enforcing the will of the government† (Hayes 21). Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four depicts this scenario very well. Through Winston’s eyes the reader learns about the society of Oceania. There is only one political party, the Inner Party, of which its members are hand selected and controlled by Big Brother. The Inner Party is a very small percentage of Oceania’s population, the majority of the population is the â€Å"proles† or the lower class. One of the many dangers of totalitarianism is that it causes a complete lack of individuality and freedom. Winston demonstrates throughout the story the lack of individualism that is demanded from the citizens of Oceania in many ways. In the opening scenes we see Winston begin to rebel against Big Brother by writing in a journal, which is strictly prohibited against by Big Brother. However, away from the prying eyes of the telescreen, Winston begins to journal. Initially Winston is unable to write, he lacks individual thought to put down on paper. Winston had thought about writing for weeks but then when it came right down he was unable to come up with anything to write. â€Å"For some time he sat gazing stupidly at the paper† (Orwell 10). Eventually Winston found much to write about, the progression of Winston’s writing gives a clear understanding why writing is prohibited. As Winston’s character progresses he begins to write, Winston remembers more and m ore of his past and then he begins to have individual thoughts and feelings. Orwell understood that conformity is an essential part of a totalitarian society, with conformity no citizen is able to have, or display, their own unique thoughts or ideas. This is also why reading any book not first deemed appropriate by the Inner Party is prohibited. While the uniformity of society seen in Nineteen Eighty-Four is not as drastic as the elimination of an entire minority as we saw during Nazi Germany, still all citizens of Ocenaia were groomed to look the same wearing â€Å"blue overalls which were the uniform of the part† (Orwell, 4). They were also forced to think the same, and act the same. The danger of conformity to create a totalitarian society seems like a far off concept to those of us enjoying democracy; however, around the world in many other countries we see socialism as well as many past totalitarian societies in which dictators were able to create conformity.

Dissertation topic in Science Education, PhD Research Paper

Dissertation topic in Science Education, PhD - Research Paper Example Beneze et al identify that â€Å"for most students, school science is like being chained inside Platos cave, only able to experience or interpret the world of science from flickering shadowy images† (2003, p. 285). In a study of 3 years of large scale analysis of the teaching of science, they concluded that children do not get so familiar with the use of abstract ideas and they do better with practice. In an old journal that examined the evolution of the teaching of science in elementary schools, it was apparent that the original approach of teaching science in the 1800s was to get children to perceive nature â€Å"from the childs standpoint† (Curtis, 1950). However, further investigations indicated that as times evolved and institutions of higher learning got structured and teaching methods were institutionalized, middle schools were required to prepare their pupils for advanced courses in science (Curtis, 1950). Thus, although practical studies and practical teaching is important and vital, there is the need for the teaching methods to be relevant to higher education and the real world. The teacher will have to draw a balance between three main things in the teaching of science: Internships for teachers are normally conducted in an academic or school-setting. There is limited exposure to the industry and other institutions of higher learning (Minuskin, 2009). There is an inherent challenge in the funding of these internships. Hence, if it is going to be upgraded to a system that will involve institutions of higher learning, the industry and the development of practical ideas, there will be more cost constraints. This can be reasonably spread through the use of online methods and other developed systems that can be conveniently replicated (Nadarajan, 2011). Also, partnerships between the community and institutions can help to share the costs (Hogue, 2012). The aim of the

Destination marketing strategy- patagonia Essay

Destination marketing strategy- patagonia - Essay Example in the previous assignment, however the hard adventure segment has shown promising growth over the past 5 years in a global perspective (Adventure Travel Trade Association, 2013). This makes Patagonia a lucrative business proposition for tourism companies. The customers who are considered as the hard adventurers are mostly looking for challenging tours in places with hostile environment. Such people will strong appetite for adventures will get strongly attracted to Patagonia, owing to its extremely cold environment (U.S. Commercial Service, 2012). Despite of the strong potential of Patagonia as a destination place, there are significant issues with the location. The TWOS matrix conducted in the assignment presentation clearly indicates towards the issues with the health and safety concerns owing to the poor regulations. Moreover, in Patagonia high quality accommodation cannot be expected and at the same time language problem is always a problem. However, while targeting at the hard adventurers, these issues may not pose as drastic challenges as it might to the soft adventurers. This is mostly because the hard adventurers more attracted towards challenging situations. Thus it can be stated that Patagonia can be a potential tourist destination for hard adventurers. This section focuses on the strategies that are appropriate for attracting the target customers. The target customers selected for the Patagonia tourism are the hard adventurers. Before designing any strategies for attracting the target customers, it is imperative to have detailed discussion regarding the behavioural and psychological aspects of the customers (World Tourism Organization, 2007). The global tourism can be divided in to two definite segments, one is for the soft adventurers and the other is for the hard adventurers. The soft adventurers include average tourist who are enthusiastic to see new places and gain new experiences about a particular region and its culture. These individuals usually

View of Wordsworth Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

View of Wordsworth Poet - Essay Example Apart from what is read and learned he derived his philosophy based on his own life experience. The time he had spent in France was rather painful and difficult. His sojourn in France from 1791 to late 1792 had far reaching effect on his mind and heart. He became an ardent admirer of the revolution and the political philosophy that it entailed. Wordsworth was already biased towards ideas of freedom under natural law, a social system that allowed all men freedom to build their lives on truth and brotherhood. But at Paris power has passed into the hands of extremists who called for deaths of all aristocrats and the reign of terror was unleashed .This seemed to completely upset all the great members of Giroudist partly. He was even in danger of his life. His faith in the Revolution and all that it meant suffered a severe setback and upset his belief in human nature. He coined his own understanding of the world and of human mind in his own terms, formulated his own philosophies which app eared in many of his poems that served as stupendous literary works in English literature. The meeting with a lady, Annette Vallon, at Orleans was a turning point in his life. She gave birth to a child ‘Caroline ‘. But later due to the war he was unable to meet them. The desertion of Annette tormented him with remorse and affected his character and haunted his poetry for years. This episode in his life appears in ‘The Prelude’. His meeting with Coleridge at Bristol paved the way to a new era in literature. Coleridge had read Wordswoth’s early poems and was deeply impressed by them. In return both Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were stuck by the abilities displayed by the Coleridge. Having realized that the political reform and moral theory offered less improvement in the society, Wordswoth turned to nature. Nature that seemed to provide for man, to bless him with health and to keep him in contact with the essentials of Words worth’s great me ssage to his time were sown at this time. The Lyrical Ballard was the immediate outcome of this new association between Wordswoth and Coleridge. Its purpose was not merely to write in a manner different from neo-classical poets which would seem its purpose from the preface but also to present the meaning full experience of Nature which Wordswoth has now re-experienced in a manner which would convey its importance to all men. Wordswoth sought to replace with real and observed figures from the country side, the outworn mythology of Greece and Rome as the frame of reference for the poetry. Such humble and rustic men and women were also representatives of the great truths of life, the truth that man was happiest and the most free when he lived in communion with nature. Throughout the spring and summer of 1798 the philosophic framework for his concepts and ideas continued to develop under the stimulus of the wide ranging philosophical and theological knowledge of Coleridge. Wordsworth ow n personal experience and wisdom of the relationship between Man and Nature was supplemented and enriched by the new ideas of living and creating mind , that was the vital force operating in both Man and he Universe. This is the force that he addressed the spirit and wisdom of the universe in Book 1 of ‘The Prelude’. Later Coleridge identified Wordswoth’s introspective mind from the stories of his previous experiences of mystical and semi-mystical

Health and Social Care Level 3 Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Level 3 Essay Objectives: All learners should be able to define basis of discrimination. All learners should be able to explain basis of discrimination Most learners should be able to demonstrate discriminatory practice Some learners should be able to describe effects of discriminatory practice. Basis of discriminatory Culture A person’s culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. In health and social care profession, respecting a person’s culture is important for all concerned. It also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base which underlines respecting and individual’s culture Disability In health and social care you will work or support people with various disability. This disability Act status it unlawful to discriminate against someone has disability. Are covered include: employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisation, education etc. Age Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age without justification or harassed because of their age. Controversies regarding dispensing of expensive drugs to older people because of shorter life expectancy. Denying a person a drug is illegal. Social class Our social class is apparent from where we live. The higher the class the better place is kept and maintained. The poor are more likely to get cancer than the rich and their chances of survival are poor. Human rights emphasises that everyone should be treated equally and with dignity no matter of their circumstances. Gender A person cannot be discriminated because of their gender. Health and social service should not discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender. Equality rights of access, health and social care rights must be adhered to. Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referring to a person who is attracted to another person of the same sex. E.g. gay and lesbian. Discrimination against someone due to their sexual orientations against the law. Health status Taking into account the cost of treatment and the expected quality of life after treatment and overall life expectancy, people taking these decisions should always keep their own assumptions and prejudices. Family status This is lead to a variety of discriminations: against gay/lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents from different race with mix race children and other family grouping

The Tragedy of Xenotransplantation :: Transplants Medical Essays

The Tragedy of Xenotransplantation Background and challenges In 1954, surgeon Joseph Murray started a revolution in the Medical industry by performing the first human organ transplant, a kidney transplant between identical twins(1). Initially, allotransplantation received some hindrance due to the ability of the human immune system to reject any foreign object. With the introduction of cyclosporin, a powerful drug that minimizes the rejection of foreign tissue, allotransplantion possibilities have expanded spectacularly(3). It is no longer necessary to have an exact match of certain blood type markers for a successful human transplant. This means organs from unrelated people can be used. Recipients have a good chance today of living at least five years with an allograft. These days organ transplantation is a norm. Each year about 20,000 Americans receive life saving transplants of heart, kidneys , liver or lungs. Today, allotransplantation faces a significant challenge because the need for this procedure far exceeds the av ailability of donor organs. Each day, approximately 10 Americans breathe their last breath waiting for organs to become available. To meet this scarcity of human organs, doctors along with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are investigating an alternative to allotransplantation, xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation, (xeno) is a greek word meaning â€Å"stranger†, involves transplanting or grafting of animal organs, tissues, or cells to replace failing organs or to treat disease in humans. These transplanted or grafted organ, tissue, or cell is called a xenotransplant or xenograft. As documented in Table 1, the concept of xenotransplantation dates as back as 1682, but it was not until the 1960's that the technological world stimulated this idea for whole organ transplant. In 1963, Keith Reemtsma transplanted chimpanzee kidneys into thirteen patients. Also, in 1964 Hardy and colleagues from the University of Mississippi used a chimpanzee’s heart as a xenograft. The patients did not survive for long but the transplanted organs showed no sign of rejection. This success inspired more research and development in xenotransplantation, which resulted in the use of this process for therapeutic effects, such as bone marrow transplant in AIDS patients. Although, both whole organ and bone marrow transplants received limited success, the use of pig's heart valves to repair human hearts and porcine pancreatic islet cells to treat diabetes raises the hopes of scientists that someday whole organ xenotransplantation will be possible.

Utilitarianism – Act and Rule

Explain the differences between Act and Rule Utilitarianism Since it began, there have been two main exponents of Utilitarianism. They are Jeremy Bentham and J S Mill, and both of them base their own individual theories on the principle of utility, which defines something (an act, etc) dependent on if it achieves â€Å"the greatest happiness for the greatest number†. This makes Utilitarianism a relativistic and consequentialist argument, as it takes into account only the outcome of events rather than the act itself as means to determine whether it is good/right.Also it holds no absolutes – it takes the best interests of the greatest number of people no matter if the way of doing seems morally wrong. Bentham and Mill were both generally harmonious in their understanding that the general happiness of a human being is linked to their personal fulfillment of pleasure. Nevertheless, the two clashed when it came down to the understanding of what true pleasure is, and whether it holds different values under different circumstances. It was due to this that Bentham started Act Utilitarianism.Bentham thought that situations were to be treated completely differently to any and every other situation, and developed the Hedonistic Calculus as a means of measuring the pleasure and pain of those directly involved in it. The calculus consists of seven aspects which Bentham believed could answer to whether something is pleasurable/painful or not – they are Purity, Remoteness, Richness, Intensity, Certainty, Extend and Duration. It is possible for me to use an example to make this all seem clearer. There are five sadistic guards in a prison who don't like the new inmate and want to give him a roughing up.One can argue that the pain the inmate will suffer is huge (purity) but the calculus is focused on quantity rather than quality. Also, the happiness of the guards will be fulfilled due to their sadistic means of pleasurement (certainty) however, the guards mi ght get caught and sacked which in turn makes them sad in the end, but perhaps they don't then the pleasure of the guards outweighs the pain that the inmate faces and therefore under these guidelines I think that Bentham would say â€Å"yeah, go ahead† and allow the bullying and assault to happen.Bentham's democratic and egalitarianistic approach meant that he believed nobody's pleasures are greater than anyone elses, and that they are all equal so we can't say that they count for more. This meant that Bentham was purely focused on the quantitative side of the pleasure. It was here where Mill and Bentham came to a disagreement, as Mill however focused on the qualitative aspects of the pleasure, famously saying â€Å"it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied†. This meant understanding that there are differences that must be acknowledged between higher and lower pleasures.He thought that higher pleasures consisted of the intellectual aspects of humans rather than the animalistic, such as reading to further your knowledge, listening to fine music and painting art. The aforementioned animalistic pleasures (lower) derive from the physical side of life, such as eating, drinking and indulging in sexual acts. This approach can be seen as elitist by some, which means that full excellence can only be realised by the mature males of the upper class within society – natural amongst the Ancient Greek Philosophers that preceeded Bentham and Mill, such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.As advocator to Rule Utilitarianism, Mill's calculation method again differentiates from Bentham's hedonistic calculus. Rather than Bentham's quantitative approach, Mill looks at it in an alternative way, observing the various implications of the act. Mill's interpretation is that there are general rules within society that should be followed as they create the greatest happiness for the greatest good for all those in society. This at first does seem ver y logical, but then again it begins to defy the basis on which Utilitarianism's foundations are layed down, which is a relativist and consequentialist theory.And this is where strong and weak rules comes into the frame. Mill never onces says â€Å"must† as regards to the rules he would involve as he perceives his judgment upon whether something is good or bad or what should occur within a specific situation, which can be seen as his defence to remaining relativist, however a new term must be enforced to separate his understanding with the likes of a hedonist such as Bentham, hence the term â€Å"universalisability†.

Davidoff Cool Water Marketing Assignment

1.1 Current ProductDavidoff Cool Water 100ml is iconic silver and blue bottle with the soft figure of a feminine body and it flawlessly seizes the essence of natural beauty and the freshness of Cool Water, which is very suitable for the sensual woman. This exhilarating cologne perfectly combines the moist fragrances of citrus, pineapple and blackcurrant with the refreshing odor of ocean air. The benefits of the perfume is it can last for the whole day when applied on the skin during the morning and it is free from chemicals so the perfume can be worn securely. It is also very suitable to wear the fragrance to the office for a sensation of self-confidence or for cheerful enjoyment during stress-free weekends at home. When buyers purchase the product online, some websites offer free shipping’s and discount if consumers buy from their online shop.If purchasers buy at the retail shops, they usually receive some free perfume samples of other kinds of Davidoff cologne. Davidoff†™s company is now producing not only perfumes but also body lotions; deodorants, body sprays, shower gels and they also introduce perfumes not just for women but also for men. Women usually use the product because this Davidoff Cool Water 100ml is specially formulated for women only so most  female buyers usually buy this product to satisfy their needs. Buyers usually do research before obtaining this product by looking up on the internet or get reviews from people who have used this product previously, they would spend quite a long time looking for the product.There are two substitutes products, Davidoff sensual essence and sea rose Cool Water which is also for women, they would accept the product since most of the elements used in the fragrances are not much different. The first aroma was launched in 1984, the brand has become one of the most widespread perfume brands and it has been a worldwide bestseller for over 20 years. Cool Water is different from others because wearers usually explain that these faience’s make them feel like they have just marched out of an exhilarating bath or aroused from a long swim in the ocean. Cool Water derives in a rectangular semi metallic blue tall box and for label Davidoff is above the scent title: Cool Water.1.2 Current PricingDavidoff Cool Water is in a competitive market situation and the product is also a value determiner because many customers and retailers offer a wide variety of prices. Suppliers distinguish their proposals because there are many online shops proposing at different prices and many retail shops selling at extraordinary amounts to gain consumers attention. When consumers buy more or less of a Davidoff Cool Water, if the price increases then the quantity decreases a large number and vice versa. A rise or fall in price will not drastically affect the increase in price of demand and then the quantity reduces down slightly and vice versa.Business costs play a very vital role in defining the pri ce because they have to validate that they are making sure that they are giving the consumer the best price for them to be able to cover their production cost and make some profit out of it, so that they would be able to produce more products without facing any problems like shortage of money to manufacture more perfumes or other products. The current price is usually about the same as the competitors by setting the price not lower or higher than their opponents offer price so that the consumers would see the less difference in price and purchase from the shop that they would like it buy from. Some consumers purchase the product based on the pricing and some based on the product image, features and quality.The behaviors of consumers are based on many different purposes such as individual, emotional, communal and situational and when they purchase more often they become loyal customers. Most of the female consumers do not really care about the price of the product but what they mainl y focus on is the luxury brand that will offer more individuality, rank and hedonic value than non-luxury trademarks so those types of buyers are willing to pay at any amount to get the product that they want. On the other hand, there are some people who will only buy the creation if the product has high quality, unique features and presentable image because those types of consumers believe that the price that they pay should be worth giving for it.1.3 Current DistributionShoppers cannot purchase the produce straightforwardly from the industry that create it because on their official website they do not sell products but they only distribute their products to stores located in many different countries and cities which allows the buyers to have more chances of buying their product from stores near their places. In Singapore, Consumers can purchase this produce at Isetan, Tang plaza, Metro Paragon and Takashimaya shopping malls that are all located at Orchard Road. Isetan has many bra nches in Singapore but only Isetan Orchard sell Davidoff Cool Water.Isetan is located at 435 Orchard Road, Wisma Atria, and Singapore 238877. Customers can travel there by bus, train or car since it is situated in the center of the city, buyers can go there conveniently. The shopping mall is one of the most popular in the city-state because of its massive varieties, reasonable prices and good services. Within Wisma Atria, the store carries many types of popular brands like Calvin Klein, , Polo, BVLGARI,DKNY and many more which attracts the customers to visit their mall.Tang plaza is also located at Orchard road, which is not very far away from Isetan; just about 3 minutes drive from Isetan. Tang is famous not just because of their wide array of shopping objects for home but their innovative window displays. It also has many different types of stylish goods and services. The department store also provides a huge number of apparels for both men and women. Tangs plaza is very appropria te for everyone in the household and with the extensive operating hours until 11pm on Fridays and Saturday, where  all consumers can shop for longer hours. Characteristics of product that influence its distribution include distributors, wholesaler, jobbers and brokers. The main reason is for all socials to defend their own best benefits in the channel.The main factor when it comes to impelling its distribution is the way the product is gained by shoppers. For instance, perfume buyers usually want to try and know the odor of fragrance first before purchasing them, which means distribution is going to have to involve perfume testers for them to analyze it before buying the product. Many products are best retailed with the help of a live demo, so the distribution strategy will have to include some ways of conducting these demonstrations.1.4 Current PromotionTakashimaya is having a promotion for this August for National Day, which includes the store that sells Davidoff Cool Water. It is 20% off for any purchase of any items in the store so, which is a great bargain for all the shoppers in the country. Another recent promotions is the website www.singaporebestsite.com is having a series promotion which worth S$98 but they offer S$49 only if the product is redeem between August and September 2013. The product must purchase online in between the redemption period and send their product at via registered mail after a few weeks by giving them a call or dropping an email. These promotions advertisement are all over the Internet and also in some of the newspapers and magazine where people can easily find out about their special offers.Both promotions are sending the same message to consumers by letting them know that they are offering the best price for them and the difference between these two promotions would be that the consumers have to travel to Takashimaya to buy the product while the other one offers home delivery without having the buyers to travel to their pla ce. However, both promotions are both advertising through newspapers and magazine based on the massive audience coverage and high production quality. They also advertise by digital marketing because it is directed to a particular target market and also clear positioning. The current theme of the promotion is to make sure that their product fits in with a lifestyle and showing the consumers that whether it constructs an atmosphere or aura around the produce such as attraction, affection or  tranquility and that their product is for everyone all over the world.The business is trying to get as much as attention from the consumers so that they would buy more of their product in the future when there is no promotion period. By also giving them a piece of mind about how good their product is compare with other goods at a lower price. The sales are mainly for women because women tend to get attach with the product they like more than men. There are push and pull strategies in the busines s world, the push method is to go after the negotiators who push the regulars by offering bonuses and the pull approach is to emphasize communication on end consumer so they demand the product from the intermediary. 2.1 Definition of the brand positioningPositioning owns a part of consumer’s awareness and it is not what you organize to the product, it is what you perform to the mind of the viewpoint. Brand positioning is to position a product/service in the minds of shoppers compare to their challengers. It is one of the most significant steps any business can take on the road to the accomplishment. For small businesses, their motivation for the effort itself is usually little because they would rather be managing to the hundreds of other duties asking for their attention. It also brings to light the capability of the goods or services by showing the alternative paths and also reveal new opportunities.Brand positioning distinctly defines the crucial things such as regulating originality by making sure the product is more unique than other products, determining the unique position in the indicated market, classifying competitors because strong and fierce competitors have esteemed power and defining the necessary financial plan to enter the market because it is favorably suggested to pair up with a brand professional or graphic designer who truly comprehends labeling.2.2 Brand positioning in relation to the brand/productCapabilities of the brand are that the brand is very different from others based on the smell, price, packaging and labeling. It is very well performs by helping the users to last the scent for whole long day, the quality of the fragrance is very high because it was first introduced in the year 1988,  which is almost 25 years since it was released so it already gained consumers attentions since then so the performance standards of this product is high. The customers like the product due to the fact that it gives you the feeling of cool w ater when they apply on their skin, which helps them to be free from stress and for relaxation. Davidoff products are one of the top brands in the world so when people uses this product they feel proud and have more confident in the crowd so the customers purchase this product to stand out in the crowd. Customers want them to be seen as people who are rich enough to spend their money to buy the branded products and give others a message that they are rich.3.1 Geographic SegmentationSingapore has a climate, which is categorized by constant temperature and pressure of high humidity and plentiful rainfall. In single month rain is experienced but there is no wet or dry season and the weather is always sunny. Due to the hot climate, people residing in Singapore need perfume that will help them cool down and also refresh them and Davidoff Cool Water can help them by giving them a good start by applying it on the skin in the morning when they go out. Singapore’s population was appro ximately around 5,312.4 thousands in 2012 where there are more female residents than men. It is an obvious statement that women go shopping than men so which means the product is suitable for people living in this country. Singapore is also considered as one of the most developing countries in Asia, so most of the people inhabiting in this country can easily afford to buy a bottle of perfume at a reasonable price.3.2 Demographic SegmentationIn the year 2012, The percentage of working adults in Singapore are 50%, which means those people can make more income then teenagers and senior citizens and when it comes to Literacy and education, the percentage of university graduates is 45.9% in 2011 and the total employment in December 2012 is 3,357.6 thousands. Each and every working adults are almost earning average household yearly income of approximately about S$9,618, which is a  huge amount of income compared with people working in other countries like Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia and so on.People working in Singapore are very serious and particular about their work so they are very keen to earn money and that is why their country is developing more and more. In Singapore, not just Singaporeans reside in this country but also other ethnic groups also reside in the country such a Chinese, Malays, Indians are others including people from western countries like America, Russia, Switzerland and many more but the majority are the Chinese people so with the amount of money that working adults earned each year they can buy Davidoff Cool Water undoubtedly.3.3 Psychographic SegmentationThe routine, daily behaviors, relevance and ideas on various matters create the characteristic of each group. Lifestyle of people in Singapore are mostly stressed out depending on what age they are. For example, teenagers are worried about with their schoolwork while working adults are strained about their job and the senior citizens are agitated with the living cost in Singapore. In or der for them to cool down and refresh their min Davidoff Cool Water would be very suitable for them.There are altogether 10 segments in Ryan Morgan Values Segment. Basic Needs, Real Conservatism, Traditional Family Life, Conventional Family Life, Young Optimism and Socially Aware represents customers’ price opportunities, desirability to origination and perceived permissiveness. VALS classification states that trendsetters have high assets and high invention while survivors have low supplies and invention. The primary motivations include Ideals such as intellectuals and supporters, Achievement such as highfliers and seekers and Self-Expression such as experiencers and creators.3.4 Behavioral SegmentationBased on newspapers and magazine, people living in Singapore could afford to spend enough amount of money to purchase one or even more bottles of Davidoff Cool Water with their income. The benefits that customers usually expect are the odor of the smell, quality, brand and pri ce of the product.Majority of the woman prefers the good smell of the perfume so that they could feel confident in the crowd after wearing it. When it comes to loyalty people in Singapore are believers they are mostly family and community oriented people who also makes them loyal to their brand so after they started using the fragrance and if they like it, they become loyal to the product. People residing in Singapore not just in the country but also for everyone, price is very sensitive to them, they will search for the stores that offer the lowest price of the product that they would like to purchase so they usually buy products during the period of promotions and sales.